---
title: "Cooling Water System"
industry: "Basic Metal Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:COOLING_WATER_SYSTEM"
  data_integrity_hash: "cb8c86ee05e22b2c8dcb6825fde924b7"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:COOLING_WATER_SYSTEM"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/cooling-water-system.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/cooling-water-system"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "3.5-6.0 bar (50-87 psi) at 15-35°C inlet temperature, flow rate 120-180 m³/h"
    unit: "m³/h"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 2.8
    unit: "bar"
    consequence: "Vapor bubble formation (cavitation) at pressure &lt;2.8 bar causes implosion damage to pump impellers and pipe walls; thermal stress cracking occurs when ΔT&gt;30°C across lance cooling channels"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Calcium carbonate scaling accumulation &gt;2 mm thickness in heat exchanger tubes"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Install automatic acid dosing system maintaining pH 6.5-7.2 with citric acid injection"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Electrochemical corrosion at dissimilar metal joints (copper-nickel to carbon steel)"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Replace mixed-metal joints with 316L stainless steel sections and install sacrificial zinc anodes"
bom_nodes:
  cooling-water-pump:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:COOLING_WATER_PUMP"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  heat-exchanger-cooling-towerplate:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:HEAT_EXCHANGER_COOLING_TOWERPLATE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  water-distribution-manifold:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:WATER_DISTRIBUTION_MANIFOLD"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  temperature-pressure-sensors:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:TEMPERATURE_PRESSURE_SENSORS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  control-valves-piping:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CONTROL_VALVES_PIPING"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 9901:2011 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/cooling-water-system.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "5fae58d0fd7f5b24f1c8ab3d55d8595e22baeed36d0738aa6c2067f13dea642a"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Cooling Water System

## 1. Technical Definition
A closed-loop water circulation system designed to dissipate heat from the oxygen lance during steelmaking operations.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **3.5-6.0 bar (50-87 psi) at 15-35°C inlet temperature, flow rate 120-180 m³/h**. Failure boundary: **Pressure drop below 2.8 bar (40.6 psi) or temperature exceeding 45°C at lance interface**, Mechanism: **Vapor bubble formation (cavitation) at pressure &lt;2.8 bar causes implosion damage to pump impellers and pipe walls; thermal stress cracking occurs when ΔT&gt;30°C across lance cooling channels**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **LMTD Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference**:

> **Primary Equation**: $Q = U \cdot A \cdot \Delta T_{lm}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Sizing validation for pasteurization and cooling tunnels.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| U | Heat Transfer Coeff | Engineering Constant |
| A | Area | Engineering Constant |
| \Delta T_{lm} | LMTD | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Calcium carbonate scaling accumulation &gt;2 mm thickness in heat exchanger tubes | 8 | Heat transfer coefficient reduction from 850 to &lt;300 W/m²·K, causing water temperature rise to 48°C | Install automatic acid dosing system maintaining pH 6.5-7.2 with citric acid injection |
| Electrochemical corrosion at dissimilar metal joints (copper-nickel to carbon steel) | 8 | Wall thickness reduction &gt;1.5 mm/year at joints, leading to pinhole leaks at 4.2 bar | Replace mixed-metal joints with 316L stainless steel sections and install sacrificial zinc anodes |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | m³/h | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Cooling Water Pump](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/repair-installation-machinery-equipment/product/cooling-water-pump.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Heat Exchanger (Cooling Tower/Plate)](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/heat-exchanger-cooling-towerplate.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Water Distribution Manifold](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/water-distribution-manifold.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Temperature &amp; Pressure Sensors](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/temperature-pressure-sensors.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Control Valves &amp; Piping](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/control-valves-piping.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Water Treatment System**, **Heat Exchanger**, **Circulation Pump**  
**Downstream Applications**: Steel Billets, Steel Slabs, Steel Ingots  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What materials are used in this cooling water system for durability in steelmaking environments?
**A**: The system uses carbon steel for piping and headers, copper alloy for heat exchanger tubes, and stainless steel for fittings and valves to withstand high temperatures and corrosive conditions in basic metal manufacturing.

### Q: How does this closed-loop system improve oxygen lance cooling efficiency?
**A**: The closed-loop design maintains consistent water quality and temperature, preventing scale buildup and corrosion while efficiently dissipating heat from the oxygen lance during steelmaking operations.

### Q: What components are included in the cooling water system BOM?
**A**: The bill of materials includes control valves &amp; piping, cooling water pump, heat exchanger (cooling tower/plate), temperature &amp; pressure sensors, and water distribution manifold for complete system functionality.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 9901:2011 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Cooling Water System](https://cnfx.com/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/cooling-water-system)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **5** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: COOLING_WATER_SYSTEM | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 2cd26ad4
