---
title: "Electric Arc Furnace"
industry: "Basic Metal Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTRIC_ARC_FURNACE"
  data_integrity_hash: "6884e6b37b0f829ee2b0827effdbe619"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTRIC_ARC_FURNACE"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/electric-arc-furnace.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/electric-arc-furnace"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "1500-1800°C melt temperature, 40-80 MVA transformer rating, 0.8-1.2 MPa water cooling pressure"
    unit: "tonnes"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 2.5
    unit: "kg"
    consequence: "Arc instability at current densities &gt;15 A/cm² causes refractory spalling; thermal cycling between 800-1800°C induces refractory fatigue cracking; electrode oxidation at &gt;600°C accelerates consumption"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Water cooling flow reduction below 80% design rate"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Redundant cooling circuits with flow sensors and automatic bypass valves"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Scrap charging with moisture content &gt;0.5%"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Infrared moisture detection system with automatic scrap rejection at &gt;0.3% moisture"
bom_nodes:
  furnace-shell:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:FURNACE_SHELL"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  refractory-lining:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:REFRACTORY_LINING"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  electrode-arm-holder:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTRODE_ARM_HOLDER"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  roof:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ROOF"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  tapping-spout:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:TAPPING_SPOUT"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  slag-door:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SLAG_DOOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 1352:2011 (STEEL - DETERMINATION OF TENSILE PROPERTIES)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "ANSI/AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2020 (STRUCTURAL WELDING CODE - STEEL)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "DIN EN 10025-2:2019 (HOT ROLLED PRODUCTS OF STRUCTURAL STEELS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/electric-arc-furnace.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "9d7716b5226881ee9d18f8ec9e2bddcdee977a92a59bc4ed85151a5dca60c6d9"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Electric Arc Furnace

## 1. Technical Definition
A furnace that melts scrap steel or direct reduced iron using an electric arc to produce liquid steel.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **1500-1800°C melt temperature, 40-80 MVA transformer rating, 0.8-1.2 MPa water cooling pressure**. Failure boundary: **Electrode consumption exceeds 2.5 kg/ton steel, refractory lining erosion depth &gt;150 mm, transformer oil temperature &gt;95°C**, Mechanism: **Arc instability at current densities &gt;15 A/cm² causes refractory spalling; thermal cycling between 800-1800°C induces refractory fatigue cracking; electrode oxidation at &gt;600°C accelerates consumption**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Heat Sterilization F0 Lethality Model**:

> **Primary Equation**: $F_0 = \int_{0}^{t} 10^{(T-121.1)/z} dt$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Validates microbial reduction integrity for aseptic packaging.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| T | Process Temp (°C) | **$T \in [1500-1800°C]$ °C** (Per `temperature_range`) |
| t | Exposure Time (min) | Engineering Constant |
| z | Z-value | **10 °C** (Standard for *C. botulinum*) |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Water cooling flow reduction below 80% design rate | 8 | Electrode holder overheating leading to copper melting at 1085°C | Redundant cooling circuits with flow sensors and automatic bypass valves |
| Scrap charging with moisture content &gt;0.5% | 8 | Steam explosion causing refractory lining detachment | Infrared moisture detection system with automatic scrap rejection at &gt;0.3% moisture |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | tonnes | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Electrode Arm &amp; Holder](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/electrode-arm-holder.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Roof](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/roof.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Scrap Preheating System**, **Ladle Furnace**, **Dust Collection System**  
**Downstream Applications**: Steel Beams, Automotive Sheet Metal, Construction Rebar  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What are the primary materials processed in an Electric Arc Furnace?
**A**: Electric Arc Furnaces primarily process scrap steel and Direct Reduced Iron (DRI/HBI), using graphite electrodes to generate the electric arc and refractory lining to contain the molten metal.

### Q: What are the key components of an Electric Arc Furnace system?
**A**: Key components include the electrode arm &amp; holder, furnace shell, refractory lining, roof, slag door, and tapping spout, all working together to efficiently melt materials and produce liquid steel.

### Q: How does an Electric Arc Furnace benefit basic metal manufacturing?
**A**: It enables efficient recycling of scrap steel, reduces reliance on virgin iron ore, offers flexible production scaling, and provides precise temperature control for high-quality steel output.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 1352:2011 (STEEL - DETERMINATION OF TENSILE PROPERTIES)
- ANSI/AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2020 (STRUCTURAL WELDING CODE - STEEL)
- DIN EN 10025-2:2019 (HOT ROLLED PRODUCTS OF STRUCTURAL STEELS)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Electric Arc Furnace](https://cnfx.com/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/electric-arc-furnace)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **6** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: ELECTRIC_ARC_FURNACE | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 93058ca4
