---
title: "Secondary Cooling System"
industry: "Basic Metal Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SECONDARY_COOLING_SYSTEM"
  data_integrity_hash: "45757b82dc3a519357e14426220a9657"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:SECONDARY_COOLING_SYSTEM"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/secondary-cooling-system.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/secondary-cooling-system"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0.5-3.0 MPa (5-30 bar) at 15-35°C coolant temperature"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 0.3
    unit: "MPa"
    consequence: "Thermal stress-induced microcrack propagation in billet subsurface due to Leidenfrost effect at coolant temperatures above 45°C, causing localized reheating and solidification discontinuity"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Coolant pump impeller erosion from suspended alumina particles exceeding 50 μm diameter"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Installation of hydrocyclone separators with 20 μm cutoff upstream of pump intake"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Electrochemical corrosion at copper-nickel alloy nozzle interfaces due to pH drift below 7.2"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Implementation of automated pH monitoring with citric acid injection system maintaining 7.8-8.2 pH range"
bom_nodes:
  spray-nozzle-array:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SPRAY_NOZZLE_ARRAY"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  cooling-water-headerpiping:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:COOLING_WATER_HEADERPIPING"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  flow-control-valves:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:FLOW_CONTROL_VALVES"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  spray-chambersupport-structure:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SPRAY_CHAMBERSUPPORT_STRUCTURE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 1217:2009 (DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS - ACCEPTANCE TESTS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "ANSI/ASHRAE 15:2022 (SAFETY STANDARD FOR REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "DIN EN 378:2017 (REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS AND HEAT PUMPS - SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/secondary-cooling-system.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "2fef0891e3c0326548c05a7695d91e2b5123758264ca61463f0247673d3c8a74"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Secondary Cooling System

## 1. Technical Definition
A cooling system that controls the solidification rate of non-ferrous metal billets after initial solidification in continuous casting.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0.5-3.0 MPa (5-30 bar) at 15-35°C coolant temperature**. Failure boundary: **Coolant pressure drops below 0.3 MPa (3 bar) or exceeds 3.5 MPa (35 bar), or coolant temperature exceeds 45°C**, Mechanism: **Thermal stress-induced microcrack propagation in billet subsurface due to Leidenfrost effect at coolant temperatures above 45°C, causing localized reheating and solidification discontinuity**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **LMTD Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference**:

> **Primary Equation**: $Q = U \cdot A \cdot \Delta T_{lm}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Sizing validation for pasteurization and cooling tunnels.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| U | Heat Transfer Coeff | Engineering Constant |
| A | Area | Engineering Constant |
| \Delta T_{lm} | LMTD | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Coolant pump impeller erosion from suspended alumina particles exceeding 50 μm diameter | 8 | Flow rate reduction to 60% of design specification within 72 hours | Installation of hydrocyclone separators with 20 μm cutoff upstream of pump intake |
| Electrochemical corrosion at copper-nickel alloy nozzle interfaces due to pH drift below 7.2 | 8 | Nozzle orifice diameter increase by 0.5 mm over 500 operating hours | Implementation of automated pH monitoring with citric acid injection system maintaining 7.8-8.2 pH range |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Spray Nozzle Array](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/beverage-manufacturing/product/spray-nozzle-array.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Cooling Water Header/Piping](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/cooling-water-headerpiping.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Flow Control Valves](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/flow-control-valves.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Spray Chamber/Support Structure](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/spray-chambersupport-structure.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Continuous Casting Machine**, **Primary Cooling System**, **Billet Handling System**  
**Downstream Applications**: Aluminum Extrusion Billets, Copper Rod Stock, Brass Ingots  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What is the primary function of a secondary cooling system in continuous casting?
**A**: The secondary cooling system controls the solidification rate of non-ferrous metal billets after initial solidification, ensuring proper microstructure development and preventing defects like cracks or uneven cooling.

### Q: Why are copper alloys used for spray nozzles in these systems?
**A**: Copper alloys offer excellent thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, making them ideal for spray nozzles that require efficient heat transfer and durability in continuous casting environments with water-based cooling.

### Q: How does the spray nozzle array affect billet quality?
**A**: The spray nozzle array provides uniform cooling distribution across the billet surface, preventing thermal stresses and ensuring consistent solidification, which directly impacts final product quality and reduces rejection rates.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 1217:2009 (DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS - ACCEPTANCE TESTS)
- ANSI/ASHRAE 15:2022 (SAFETY STANDARD FOR REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS)
- DIN EN 378:2017 (REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS AND HEAT PUMPS - SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Secondary Cooling System](https://cnfx.com/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/secondary-cooling-system)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: SECONDARY_COOLING_SYSTEM | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: c6c1c4ea
