---
title: "Water Inlet/Outlet Manifolds"
industry: "Basic Metal Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:WATER_INLETOUTLET_MANIFOLDS"
  data_integrity_hash: "3f9291b4b47ff3b252aa16bb2bc28fec"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:WATER_INLETOUTLET_MANIFOLDS"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/water-inletoutlet-manifolds.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/water-inletoutlet-manifolds"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "2.5-6.0 bar (36-87 psi) at 15-35°C inlet temperature"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 8.2
    unit: "bar"
    consequence: "Yield strength exceedance of C95500 aluminum bronze (414 MPa) at 8.2 bar internal pressure causing plastic deformation, or cavitation-induced erosion at 0.5 bar differential pressure where vapor pressure (2.34 kPa at 20°C) exceeds local pressure"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Calcium carbonate scaling exceeding 0.8 mm thickness in 2-inch diameter channels"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Integrated ultrasonic transducers (28 kHz) with automatic citric acid injection at 3% concentration when scaling detected"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Thermal cycling between 15°C and 85°C at 12 cycles/hour"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Monel 400 expansion bellows with 15 mm axial movement capacity and Inconel 718 braze alloy (melting point 1430°C)"
bom_nodes:
  manifold-body:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:MANIFOLD_BODY"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  port-fittings:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:PORT_FITTINGS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  flow-control-orifices:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:FLOW_CONTROL_ORIFICES"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  sealing-gaskets:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SEALING_GASKETS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  mounting-brackets:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:MOUNTING_BRACKETS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 4427:2007 - PLASTICS PIPING SYSTEMS FOR WATER SUPPLY"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/water-inletoutlet-manifolds.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "d94e2fdbc9afbed08c5bc9e9124f2615f9d7220d42c546e08df47afb0d26687a"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Water Inlet/Outlet Manifolds

## 1. Technical Definition
Distribution components that manage water flow into and out of a water-cooled copper mold's cooling channels.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **2.5-6.0 bar (36-87 psi) at 15-35°C inlet temperature**. Failure boundary: **8.2 bar (119 psi) internal pressure or 0.5 bar (7.3 psi) differential pressure across manifold**, Mechanism: **Yield strength exceedance of C95500 aluminum bronze (414 MPa) at 8.2 bar internal pressure causing plastic deformation, or cavitation-induced erosion at 0.5 bar differential pressure where vapor pressure (2.34 kPa at 20°C) exceeds local pressure**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Darcy-Weisbach Pressure Drop**:

> **Primary Equation**: $\Delta P = f \cdot \frac{L}{D} \cdot \frac{\rho v^2}{2}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Critical for sizing CIP (Clean-In-Place) pump heads.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| f | Friction Factor | Engineering Constant |
| L | Pipe Length | Engineering Constant |
| v | Velocity | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Calcium carbonate scaling exceeding 0.8 mm thickness in 2-inch diameter channels | 8 | Flow restriction causing 40% reduction in cooling water velocity (from 2.5 m/s to 1.5 m/s) | Integrated ultrasonic transducers (28 kHz) with automatic citric acid injection at 3% concentration when scaling detected |
| Thermal cycling between 15°C and 85°C at 12 cycles/hour | 8 | Low-cycle fatigue cracking at brazed joints after 50,000 cycles (ΔT=70°C) | Monel 400 expansion bellows with 15 mm axial movement capacity and Inconel 718 braze alloy (melting point 1430°C) |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Manifold Body](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/manifold-body.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Industrial Water Pump**, **Water Filtration System**, **Temperature Control Unit**  
**Downstream Applications**: Continuous Cast Copper Billets, Copper Rods, Copper Tubes  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What materials are best for water inlet/outlet manifolds in copper mold cooling applications?
**A**: Copper alloys like C11000 and C12200 offer excellent thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, while stainless steel grades 304 and 316 provide durability in harsh environments. Brass is commonly used for port fittings due to its machinability and corrosion resistance.

### Q: How do flow control orifices in water manifolds optimize copper mold cooling?
**A**: Flow control orifices precisely regulate water distribution through cooling channels, ensuring uniform temperature control across the mold surface. This prevents hot spots, reduces thermal stress, and improves casting quality in metal manufacturing processes.

### Q: What maintenance considerations are important for water cooling manifolds in metal production?
**A**: Regular inspection of sealing gaskets and port fittings prevents leaks, while monitoring for mineral buildup in orifices maintains flow efficiency. Proper mounting bracket installation ensures vibration resistance during continuous operation in industrial settings.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 4427:2007 - PLASTICS PIPING SYSTEMS FOR WATER SUPPLY

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Water Inlet/Outlet Manifolds](https://cnfx.com/industry/basic-metal-manufacturing/product/water-inletoutlet-manifolds)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **5** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: WATER_INLETOUTLET_MANIFOLDS | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 7b1b1d13
