---
title: "Battery Backup Unit (BBU)"
industry: "Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:BATTERY_BACKUP_UNIT_BBU"
  data_integrity_hash: "51b0ce30f5f9f4a269f63ff993cdea65"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:BATTERY_BACKUP_UNIT_BBU"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/battery-backup-unit-bbu.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/battery-backup-unit-bbu"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "10.8-13.2 VDC input voltage, 0-55°C ambient temperature, 20-80% relative humidity (non-condensing)"
    unit: "mAh"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 10.5
    unit: "VDC"
    consequence: "Electrolytic capacitor electrolyte evaporation at &gt;105°C reduces capacitance below 80% of rated value, MOSFET thermal runaway at junction temperatures &gt;150°C, lithium-ion cell dendrite formation at charge voltages &gt;4.25V/cell"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Ambient temperature exceeding 60°C for &gt;30 minutes"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Polymer aluminum solid capacitors with 5000-hour lifespan at 105°C, thermal shutdown at 85°C PCB temperature"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Input voltage transient spike to 18V for &gt;10 μs"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "TVS diode clamping at 15V, ferrite bead EMI filter with 100 MHz cutoff, gate driver undervoltage lockout at 8V"
bom_nodes:
  battery-pack:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:BATTERY_PACK"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  charge-controller:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CHARGE_CONTROLLER"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  power-switch-circuit:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:POWER_SWITCH_CIRCUIT"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  monitoring-circuit:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:MONITORING_CIRCUIT"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  connector-interface:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CONNECTOR_INTERFACE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "IEC 62133-2:2017 - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PORTABLE SEALED SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "CE MARKING - EU DIRECTIVE 2014/35/EU (LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/battery-backup-unit-bbu.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "cc1d58f94855d513785bdbe316e39441f83a85f289eed8fc01876fb03146dfb4"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Battery Backup Unit (BBU)

## 1. Technical Definition
A power backup component for RAID controllers that provides temporary power during main power failures to ensure data integrity.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **10.8-13.2 VDC input voltage, 0-55°C ambient temperature, 20-80% relative humidity (non-condensing)**. Failure boundary: **Input voltage below 10.5 VDC or above 13.8 VDC for &gt;100 ms, ambient temperature exceeding 60°C, capacitor electrolyte boiling point at 105°C**, Mechanism: **Electrolytic capacitor electrolyte evaporation at &gt;105°C reduces capacitance below 80% of rated value, MOSFET thermal runaway at junction temperatures &gt;150°C, lithium-ion cell dendrite formation at charge voltages &gt;4.25V/cell**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Joule Heating & Thermal Resistance**:

> **Primary Equation**: $P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Governs heating element sizing for shrink tunnels/sealers.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| I | Current | Engineering Constant |
| R | Resistance | Engineering Constant |
| V | Voltage | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Ambient temperature exceeding 60°C for &gt;30 minutes | 8 | Electrolytic capacitor ESR increases by 300%, causing voltage regulator oscillation and output voltage drop to 4.8V | Polymer aluminum solid capacitors with 5000-hour lifespan at 105°C, thermal shutdown at 85°C PCB temperature |
| Input voltage transient spike to 18V for &gt;10 μs | 8 | Buck converter MOSFET avalanche breakdown at Vds &gt; 30V, gate oxide rupture at Vgs &gt; ±20V | TVS diode clamping at 15V, ferrite bead EMI filter with 100 MHz cutoff, gate driver undervoltage lockout at 8V |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mAh | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Battery Pack](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/battery-pack.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Charge Controller](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/charge-controller.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Power Switch Circuit](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/power-switch-circuit.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Monitoring Circuit](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/monitoring-circuit.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Connector Interface](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/connector-interface.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Automated Test Equipment**, **Battery Formation and Testing System**, **Environmental Stress Screening Chamber**  
**Downstream Applications**: RAID Controller Cards, Enterprise Storage Systems, High-Availability Servers  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: How does a Battery Backup Unit (BBU) protect data during power failures?
**A**: The BBU provides temporary power to RAID controllers during main power interruptions, allowing the controller to complete write operations and cache data to non-volatile storage, preventing data loss or corruption.

### Q: What maintenance is required for BBU lithium-ion battery cells?
**A**: Lithium-ion cells in BBUs typically require periodic monitoring of charge levels and health status through the built-in monitoring circuit, with replacement recommended every 3-5 years depending on usage cycles and environmental conditions.

### Q: Can BBUs be used with all RAID controller models?
**A**: BBUs are designed for specific RAID controller interfaces and form factors. Compatibility depends on the connector interface and voltage requirements, so always verify compatibility with your controller model before installation.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- IEC 62133-2:2017 - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PORTABLE SEALED SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS AND BATTERIES
- CE MARKING - EU DIRECTIVE 2014/35/EU (LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Battery Backup Unit (BBU)](https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/battery-backup-unit-bbu)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **5** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: BATTERY_BACKUP_UNIT_BBU | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 7a9714d7
