---
title: "Electrical Feedthroughs"
industry: "Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTRICAL_FEEDTHROUGHS"
  data_integrity_hash: "5940ee61fcd9d2c3bce36bf63a23fd55"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTRICAL_FEEDTHROUGHS"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/electrical-feedthroughs.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/electrical-feedthroughs"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "1e-9 to 1e-3 mbar (ultra-high vacuum to rough vacuum), -40 to 200°C"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 1
    unit: "e"
    consequence: "Thermal expansion mismatch between metal flange (CTE ~17 μm/m·K for 304 stainless steel) and ceramic insulator (CTE ~7 μm/m·K for alumina) causing microcrack formation at 150°C differential"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Voltage transient exceeding 25 kV for 100 μs"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Integrate gas-filled spark gap protection with 20 kV breakdown rating in feedthrough design"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Cyclic thermal stress from 100°C temperature swings at 0.1 Hz frequency"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Implement graded CTE transition layers using kovar alloy (CTE 5.5 μm/m·K) between stainless steel and alumina"
bom_nodes:
  conductor-pins:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CONDUCTOR_PINS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  insulation-seal:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:INSULATION_SEAL"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  mounting-flange:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:MOUNTING_FLANGE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/electrical-feedthroughs.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "724cea69b97118539b5ffc6f550a4ec557effb3ff1a2e8ff75718a1dac27e035"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Electrical Feedthroughs

## 1. Technical Definition
Specialized vacuum-tight connectors that allow electrical power and signals to pass through the chamber wall while maintaining vacuum integrity.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **1e-9 to 1e-3 mbar (ultra-high vacuum to rough vacuum), -40 to 200°C**. Failure boundary: **Leak rate exceeding 1e-9 mbar·L/s (helium leak test threshold), dielectric breakdown at 15 kV/mm for alumina insulators**, Mechanism: **Thermal expansion mismatch between metal flange (CTE ~17 μm/m·K for 304 stainless steel) and ceramic insulator (CTE ~7 μm/m·K for alumina) causing microcrack formation at 150°C differential**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Joule Heating & Thermal Resistance**:

> **Primary Equation**: $P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Governs heating element sizing for shrink tunnels/sealers.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| I | Current | Engineering Constant |
| R | Resistance | Engineering Constant |
| V | Voltage | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Voltage transient exceeding 25 kV for 100 μs | 8 | Dielectric breakdown through alumina insulator creating conductive carbon track | Integrate gas-filled spark gap protection with 20 kV breakdown rating in feedthrough design |
| Cyclic thermal stress from 100°C temperature swings at 0.1 Hz frequency | 8 | Metal-ceramic braze joint fatigue crack propagation reaching 0.5 mm length | Implement graded CTE transition layers using kovar alloy (CTE 5.5 μm/m·K) between stainless steel and alumina |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Vacuum Pump System**, **Leak Detection System**, **High Voltage Power Supply**  
**Downstream Applications**: Semiconductor Processing Chambers, Electron Microscopes, Mass Spectrometers  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What materials are used in electrical feedthroughs for optimal vacuum performance?
**A**: Our feedthroughs use stainless steel flanges for durability, copper or alloy conductors for conductivity, and glass or ceramic insulation to maintain vacuum integrity, with Kovar alloys for thermal expansion matching.

### Q: How do electrical feedthroughs maintain vacuum integrity in optical manufacturing chambers?
**A**: They create vacuum-tight seals using precisely engineered insulation materials like ceramic or glass between conductors and mounting flanges, preventing gas leakage while allowing electrical transmission.

### Q: What are the key components in an electrical feedthrough assembly?
**A**: The main components are conductor pins for power/signal transmission, insulation seals (ceramic/glass) for vacuum integrity, and mounting flanges (stainless steel) for secure chamber installation.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance

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### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Electrical Feedthroughs](https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/electrical-feedthroughs)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **3** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: ELECTRICAL_FEEDTHROUGHS | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 933eb127
