---
title: "Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)"
industry: "Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OPERATIONAL_AMPLIFIER_OP_AMP"
  data_integrity_hash: "b63a045b6fa1e40f1747f671882b407a"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:OPERATIONAL_AMPLIFIER_OP_AMP"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/operational-amplifier-op-amp.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/operational-amplifier-op-amp"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "±15 V supply voltage, -40°C to +125°C ambient temperature, 0-100 kHz bandwidth"
    unit: "V/µs"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 0.7
    unit: "V"
    consequence: "Semiconductor junction thermal runaway at 150°C, electrostatic discharge damage at 2000 V HBM, latch-up when substrate current exceeds 100 mA"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Input voltage transient exceeding 0.7 V beyond supply rails"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Schottky diode clamping with 0.3 V forward voltage, 5 Ω series resistance at input"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Power supply sequencing violation with 1 ms delay between rails"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Power-on reset circuit with 10 ms sequencing control, supply monitoring with 0.1 V hysteresis"
bom_nodes:
  differential-input-stage:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:DIFFERENTIAL_INPUT_STAGE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  gain-stage:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:GAIN_STAGE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  output-buffer-stage:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OUTPUT_BUFFER_STAGE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "IEC 60747-5-2:1997 (SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES - DISCRETE DEVICES - PART 5-2: OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES - ESSENTIAL RATINGS AND CHARACTERISTICS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "ANSI/ESD S20.20-2021 (PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PARTS, ASSEMBLIES AND EQUIPMENT)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "DIN EN 60747-5-2:2003-12 (HALBLEITERBAUELEMENTE - EINZELBAUELEMENTE - TEIL 5-2: OPTOELEKTRONISCHE BAUELEMENTE - GRUNDLEGENDE KENNGRößEN UND EIGENSCHAFTEN)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/operational-amplifier-op-amp.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "3c35723183e5f8395b712ffc4b1a1d17a2a673c2eb2c676267fd6694f12e5eea"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)

## 1. Technical Definition
A high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with differential inputs and single-ended output, used for signal conditioning and amplification in analog circuits.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **±15 V supply voltage, -40°C to +125°C ambient temperature, 0-100 kHz bandwidth**. Failure boundary: **Input voltage exceeds supply rails by 0.7 V (forward-biased protection diodes), junction temperature exceeds 150°C, common-mode voltage exceeds supply voltage**, Mechanism: **Semiconductor junction thermal runaway at 150°C, electrostatic discharge damage at 2000 V HBM, latch-up when substrate current exceeds 100 mA**.

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Input voltage transient exceeding 0.7 V beyond supply rails | 8 | Input protection diode forward bias causing 20 mA current injection | Schottky diode clamping with 0.3 V forward voltage, 5 Ω series resistance at input |
| Power supply sequencing violation with 1 ms delay between rails | 8 | Internal parasitic SCR latch-up at 100 mA holding current | Power-on reset circuit with 10 ms sequencing control, supply monitoring with 0.1 V hysteresis |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | V/µs | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Gain Stage](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/gain-stage.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Wafer Fabrication System**, **Wire Bonding Machine**, **Automated Test Equipment**  
**Downstream Applications**: Audio Amplifiers, Medical Monitoring Devices, Industrial Control Systems  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What are the primary applications of this operational amplifier in electronic manufacturing?
**A**: This op-amp is designed for signal conditioning, amplification, filtering, and impedance matching in analog circuits, commonly used in audio equipment, sensor interfaces, control systems, and measurement devices within computer and optical product manufacturing.

### Q: How does the differential input stage benefit circuit performance?
**A**: The differential input stage provides high common-mode rejection, reducing noise and interference while amplifying only the voltage difference between inputs, resulting in cleaner signal processing and improved accuracy in electronic systems.

### Q: What advantages do ceramic packages offer over plastic for industrial applications?
**A**: Ceramic packages provide superior thermal conductivity, better hermetic sealing against moisture and contaminants, higher reliability in harsh environments, and improved performance stability for demanding industrial and optical manufacturing applications.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- IEC 60747-5-2:1997 (SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES - DISCRETE DEVICES - PART 5-2: OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES - ESSENTIAL RATINGS AND CHARACTERISTICS)
- ANSI/ESD S20.20-2021 (PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC PARTS, ASSEMBLIES AND EQUIPMENT)
- DIN EN 60747-5-2:2003-12 (HALBLEITERBAUELEMENTE - EINZELBAUELEMENTE - TEIL 5-2: OPTOELEKTRONISCHE BAUELEMENTE - GRUNDLEGENDE KENNGRößEN UND EIGENSCHAFTEN)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)](https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/operational-amplifier-op-amp)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **3** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: OPERATIONAL_AMPLIFIER_OP_AMP | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: ba37eb49
