---
title: "Opto-isolator / Relay"
industry: "Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OPTO_ISOLATOR_RELAY"
  data_integrity_hash: "269a92698a06de9d70738d2635dc2a24"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:OPTO_ISOLATOR_RELAY"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/opto-isolator-relay.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/opto-isolator-relay"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0-5000 V isolation voltage, -40°C to +85°C ambient temperature, 1-100 mA input current"
    unit: "V"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 5000
    unit: "VDC"
    consequence: "Dielectric breakdown of optocoupler insulation layer at &gt;15 kV/mm electric field strength, phototransistor saturation at &gt;5 mW/cm² optical power density, thermal runaway at &gt;1.5 W/cm² power dissipation"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Transient voltage surge exceeding 6000 V/μs dv/dt rating"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "TVS diode clamping at 400 V with 1 ns response time, reinforced insulation with 8 mm creepage distance"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Continuous forward current &gt;100 mA through LED emitter"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Constant current drive at 50 mA with 2% regulation, thermal pad with 15°C/W thermal resistance to PCB"
bom_nodes:
  led-for-opto-isolator-coil-for-relay:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:LED_FOR_OPTO_ISOLATOR_COIL_FOR_RELAY"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  photosensor-for-opto-isolator:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:PHOTOSENSOR_FOR_OPTO_ISOLATOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  contacts-for-relay:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CONTACTS_FOR_RELAY"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/opto-isolator-relay.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "23d897819d4bb18f4064a7cd33cfa664c149bbfdacf284392c5bd995c9b5d737"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Opto-isolator / Relay

## 1. Technical Definition
An electronic component that provides electrical isolation and signal switching between circuits in I/O modules.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0-5000 V isolation voltage, -40°C to +85°C ambient temperature, 1-100 mA input current**. Failure boundary: **Isolation breakdown at &gt;5000 VDC, LED degradation at &gt;100 mA continuous forward current, thermal failure at &gt;125°C junction temperature**, Mechanism: **Dielectric breakdown of optocoupler insulation layer at &gt;15 kV/mm electric field strength, phototransistor saturation at &gt;5 mW/cm² optical power density, thermal runaway at &gt;1.5 W/cm² power dissipation**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Joule Heating & Thermal Resistance**:

> **Primary Equation**: $P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Governs heating element sizing for shrink tunnels/sealers.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| I | Current | Engineering Constant |
| R | Resistance | Engineering Constant |
| V | Voltage | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Transient voltage surge exceeding 6000 V/μs dv/dt rating | 8 | Insulation breakdown causing primary-secondary short circuit | TVS diode clamping at 400 V with 1 ns response time, reinforced insulation with 8 mm creepage distance |
| Continuous forward current &gt;100 mA through LED emitter | 8 | LED luminous flux degradation below 0.5 mW/sr at 50% CTR reduction | Constant current drive at 50 mA with 2% regulation, thermal pad with 15°C/W thermal resistance to PCB |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | V | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Pick-and-Place Machine**, **Reflow Soldering Oven**, **Automated Optical Inspection System**  
**Downstream Applications**: Programmable Logic Controllers, Industrial Automation Panels, Medical Monitoring Equipment  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What is the primary function of an opto-isolator in I/O modules?
**A**: Opto-isolators provide electrical isolation between circuits in I/O modules by using light to transmit signals, preventing ground loops and protecting sensitive components from voltage spikes.

### Q: How do relays differ from opto-isolators in electronic applications?
**A**: Relays use electromagnetic coils to mechanically switch contacts, handling higher power loads, while opto-isolators use semiconductor-based light transmission for signal isolation with faster switching speeds.

### Q: What materials ensure durability in industrial opto-isolator/relay components?
**A**: Our components feature semiconductor materials for opto-isolators, copper wire coils, polymer housings for insulation, and ferromagnetic cores in relays to ensure reliability in demanding manufacturing environments.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance

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### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Opto-isolator / Relay](https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/opto-isolator-relay)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **3** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: OPTO_ISOLATOR_RELAY | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 821f523c
