---
title: "Opto-isolator"
industry: "Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OPTO_ISOLATOR"
  data_integrity_hash: "af62152eee1fe01c41595417716e89e9"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:OPTO_ISOLATOR"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/opto-isolator.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/opto-isolator"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0.5-1.5 kV isolation voltage, 1-50 mA forward current, -40°C to +100°C ambient temperature"
    unit: "kV"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 150
    unit: "°C"
    consequence: "LED quantum efficiency degradation due to Arrhenius thermal aging (activation energy 0.7 eV), phototransistor gain reduction from Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, dielectric breakdown via Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at 10 MV/cm electric field"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Reverse voltage exceeding 5 V across LED"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Schottky diode anti-parallel protection with 3 V forward voltage"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Continuous forward current exceeding 60 mA at 25°C ambient"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Current limiting resistor sized for 40 mA maximum at 125°C junction temperature"
bom_nodes:
  ledinfrared-emitter:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:LEDINFRARED_EMITTER"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  photodetector:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:PHOTODETECTOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  optical-transmission-medium:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OPTICAL_TRANSMISSION_MEDIUM"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "IEC 60747-5-5:2022 (OPTOCOUPLERS AND OPTOISOLATORS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "UL 1577:2016 (OPTICAL ISOLATORS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "EN 60747-5-5:2022 (CE MARKING FOR OPTOCOUPLERS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/opto-isolator.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "64b9a17696d9d096c32ee697f9fd902f20d7b714a21b1308ad5543e4a0222eae"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Opto-isolator

## 1. Technical Definition
An electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits using light waves.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0.5-1.5 kV isolation voltage, 1-50 mA forward current, -40°C to +100°C ambient temperature**. Failure boundary: **LED degradation at 150°C junction temperature, phototransistor saturation at 5 mA collector current, dielectric breakdown at 2.5 kV isolation voltage**, Mechanism: **LED quantum efficiency degradation due to Arrhenius thermal aging (activation energy 0.7 eV), phototransistor gain reduction from Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, dielectric breakdown via Fowler-Nordheim tunneling at 10 MV/cm electric field**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Rayleigh Resolution Criterion**:

> **Primary Equation**: $d = \frac{0.61 \lambda}{NA}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Defines the theoretical limit of machine vision systems.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| \lambda | Wavelength | Engineering Constant |
| NA | Numerical Aperture | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Reverse voltage exceeding 5 V across LED | 8 | LED catastrophic failure with 0.1 Ω short circuit resistance | Schottky diode anti-parallel protection with 3 V forward voltage |
| Continuous forward current exceeding 60 mA at 25°C ambient | 8 | LED thermal runaway with 15°C/W thermal resistance junction-to-case | Current limiting resistor sized for 40 mA maximum at 125°C junction temperature |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | kV | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Photodetector](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/photodetector.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Optical Transmission Medium](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/optical-transmission-medium.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Wafer Prober**, **Die Attach Machine**, **Wire Bonder**  
**Downstream Applications**: Industrial Motor Drives, Medical Monitoring Equipment, Telecommunications Switches  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What are the main applications of opto-isolators in computer manufacturing?
**A**: Opto-isolators are used for noise reduction, ground loop elimination, and voltage level shifting in computer interfaces, power supplies, and communication systems to protect sensitive components.

### Q: How does the Gallium Arsenide material affect opto-isolator performance?
**A**: Gallium Arsenide enables higher switching speeds and better infrared emission efficiency compared to silicon-based emitters, making it ideal for high-frequency applications in optical electronics.

### Q: What are the key specifications to consider when selecting an opto-isolator?
**A**: Critical specs include isolation voltage rating, current transfer ratio, switching speed, operating temperature range, and package type to ensure compatibility with your circuit design requirements.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- IEC 60747-5-5:2022 (OPTOCOUPLERS AND OPTOISOLATORS)
- UL 1577:2016 (OPTICAL ISOLATORS)
- EN 60747-5-5:2022 (CE MARKING FOR OPTOCOUPLERS)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Opto-isolator](https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/opto-isolator)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **3** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: OPTO_ISOLATOR | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 91441a67
