---
title: "Output Circuit"
industry: "Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OUTPUT_CIRCUIT"
  data_integrity_hash: "c54b7283e331146f9431635ee6b77247"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:OUTPUT_CIRCUIT"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/output-circuit.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/output-circuit"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "3.3-24 VDC, 4-20 mA output current, -25°C to +85°C ambient temperature"
    unit: "V/mA"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 30
    unit: "VDC"
    consequence: "Electromigration in aluminum interconnects at current densities &gt; 1×10⁶ A/cm², dielectric breakdown at electric fields &gt; 10 MV/cm, thermal runaway when junction temperature exceeds 150°C"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Inductive load switching without flyback diode causing voltage spikes up to 100 V"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Integrated TVS diode clamping at 40 V with 600 W peak pulse power rating"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Moisture ingress exceeding 85% RH causing electrochemical migration"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Conformal coating with 0.1 mm parylene-C layer achieving IPC-CC-830B Class 3 rating"
bom_nodes:
  output-transistor:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OUTPUT_TRANSISTOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  protection-diode:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:PROTECTION_DIODE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  current-limiting-resistor:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CURRENT_LIMITING_RESISTOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 9001:2015 (QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/output-circuit.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "6aace4db01c83734b5da4d84fe1a8a9c988d5f130a4cf452b7da30069847d090"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Output Circuit

## 1. Technical Definition
The electronic circuit within a proximity sensor that converts the detection signal into a usable output signal for external devices.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **3.3-24 VDC, 4-20 mA output current, -25°C to +85°C ambient temperature**. Failure boundary: **Voltage exceeding 30 VDC causes MOSFET gate oxide breakdown at 10 MV/cm dielectric strength, current exceeding 25 mA saturates output transistor beyond SOA limits**, Mechanism: **Electromigration in aluminum interconnects at current densities &gt; 1×10⁶ A/cm², dielectric breakdown at electric fields &gt; 10 MV/cm, thermal runaway when junction temperature exceeds 150°C**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Joule Heating & Thermal Resistance**:

> **Primary Equation**: $P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Governs heating element sizing for shrink tunnels/sealers.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| I | Current | Engineering Constant |
| R | Resistance | Engineering Constant |
| V | Voltage | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Inductive load switching without flyback diode causing voltage spikes up to 100 V | 8 | Output transistor avalanche breakdown at 60 V collector-emitter voltage | Integrated TVS diode clamping at 40 V with 600 W peak pulse power rating |
| Moisture ingress exceeding 85% RH causing electrochemical migration | 8 | Short circuit between output pins with resistance &lt; 10 Ω | Conformal coating with 0.1 mm parylene-C layer achieving IPC-CC-830B Class 3 rating |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | V/mA | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Automated Test Equipment (ATE)**, **Wave Soldering Machine**, **Environmental Test Chamber**  
**Downstream Applications**: Industrial Proximity Sensors, Automotive Parking Sensors, Consumer Electronics Touch Sensors  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What is the primary function of an output circuit in proximity sensors?
**A**: The output circuit converts the sensor's detection signal into a standardized electrical signal that can interface with external control systems, PLCs, or monitoring devices.

### Q: What materials ensure durability in industrial output circuits?
**A**: FR4 PCB substrate provides structural stability, encapsulation resin protects against environmental factors, and copper traces ensure reliable conductivity in demanding conditions.

### Q: How does the protection diode enhance circuit reliability?
**A**: The protection diode prevents voltage spikes and reverse current flow, safeguarding sensitive components like the output transistor from electrical damage in industrial environments.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 9001:2015 (QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS)

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### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Output Circuit](https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/output-circuit)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **3** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: OUTPUT_CIRCUIT | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 4d139338
