---
title: "Power Supply (Battery)"
industry: "Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:POWER_SUPPLY_BATTERY"
  data_integrity_hash: "e75732d827f237594b144d702fa68cd7"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:POWER_SUPPLY_BATTERY"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/power-supply-battery.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/power-supply-battery"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "2.7-4.2 VDC per cell (lithium-ion), 1.8-2.2 VDC per cell (lead-acid)"
    unit: "V, Ah"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 2.5
    unit: "VDC"
    consequence: "Electrochemical degradation: lithium-ion experiences copper dissolution at anode below 2.5 VDC; lead-acid forms irreversible lead sulfate crystals below 1.75 VDC"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Internal short circuit from dendrite growth exceeding 10 μm penetration"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Ceramic-coated separator with 150°C melt integrity and pressure-sensitive current interrupt device"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Electrolyte decomposition at 4.3 VDC overcharge voltage"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Voltage monitoring IC with 4.25 VDC cutoff and redundant pressure relief valve at 15 kPa"
bom_nodes:
  cathode:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CATHODE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  anode:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ANODE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  electrolyte:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTROLYTE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  separator:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SEPARATOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/power-supply-battery.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "4559be1ed45b88383f2b6e1fb5c40fcd9bedda92f4715e95aa53181376411655"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Power Supply (Battery)

## 1. Technical Definition
A battery-based power source that provides electrical energy to operate a transmitter/sonde.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **2.7-4.2 VDC per cell (lithium-ion), 1.8-2.2 VDC per cell (lead-acid)**. Failure boundary: **Cell voltage below 2.5 VDC (lithium-ion irreversible damage), below 1.75 VDC (lead-acid sulfation)**, Mechanism: **Electrochemical degradation: lithium-ion experiences copper dissolution at anode below 2.5 VDC; lead-acid forms irreversible lead sulfate crystals below 1.75 VDC**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Joule Heating & Thermal Resistance**:

> **Primary Equation**: $P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Governs heating element sizing for shrink tunnels/sealers.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| I | Current | Engineering Constant |
| R | Resistance | Engineering Constant |
| V | Voltage | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Internal short circuit from dendrite growth exceeding 10 μm penetration | 8 | Thermal runaway initiating at 80°C with 10°C/min heating rate | Ceramic-coated separator with 150°C melt integrity and pressure-sensitive current interrupt device |
| Electrolyte decomposition at 4.3 VDC overcharge voltage | 8 | Gas generation exceeding 10 kPa internal pressure causing casing rupture | Voltage monitoring IC with 4.25 VDC cutoff and redundant pressure relief valve at 15 kPa |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | V, Ah | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Battery Formation System**, **Battery Testing Equipment**, **Battery Pack Assembly Line**  
**Downstream Applications**: Portable Medical Devices, Wireless Sensor Networks, Remote Monitoring Systems  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What is the typical lifespan of this lithium-ion battery power supply?
**A**: This lithium-ion battery power supply typically offers 500-1000 charge cycles with proper maintenance, providing reliable power for transmitters/sondes in industrial applications for 3-5 years depending on usage patterns.

### Q: How does the separator material affect battery performance?
**A**: The specialized separator prevents direct contact between anode and cathode while allowing ion flow, enhancing safety, reducing internal short circuits, and improving overall energy efficiency and thermal stability in demanding electronic manufacturing environments.

### Q: Can this power supply be used in high-temperature industrial environments?
**A**: Yes, the metal casing and advanced electrolyte formulation provide thermal stability for operation in temperatures up to 60°C (140°F), making it suitable for various industrial settings in computer and optical product manufacturing.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance

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### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Power Supply (Battery)](https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/power-supply-battery)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: POWER_SUPPLY_BATTERY | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 7916fff2
