---
title: "X-ray Tube"
industry: "Computer, Electronic and Optical Product Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:X_RAY_TUBE"
  data_integrity_hash: "72ec9fae567eeb5a7e4abbb8a03185bb"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:X_RAY_TUBE"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/x-ray-tube.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/x-ray-tube"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "40-150 kV accelerating voltage, 0.1-1000 mA tube current, 0.1-10 kW power dissipation"
    unit: "kV"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 2800
    unit: "°C"
    consequence: "Thermal fatigue from cyclic heating/cooling (coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch), electron back-bombardment causing localized overheating, gas evolution from outgassing materials increasing pressure"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Exceeding 300 kJ anode heat load within 1 second"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Implementing rotating anode with molybdenum substrate (thermal conductivity 138 W/m·K), active oil cooling maintaining &lt;60°C"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Vacuum degradation to 10^-3 Pa due to outgassing"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Integrating non-evaporable getter pumps (SAES St707) maintaining 10^-6 Pa, using oxygen-free copper seals with 10^-9 Pa·m³/s leak rate"
bom_nodes:
  cathode-assembly-filament:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CATHODE_ASSEMBLY_FILAMENT"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  rotating-anode-target:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ROTATING_ANODE_TARGET"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  glass-or-metal-ceramic-envelope:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:GLASS_OR_METAL_CERAMIC_ENVELOPE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  rotorstator-assembly:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ROTORSTATOR_ASSEMBLY"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 16526-2:2011 (NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING - MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "IEC 60601-2-28:2017 (MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 2-28: PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE OF X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/x-ray-tube.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "8149ff97867c5d9697c274a056608a6b400a1f22990fd7c68f6b0f1cfcbea4e6"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: X-ray Tube

## 1. Technical Definition
A vacuum tube that generates X-rays by accelerating electrons to strike a metal target.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **40-150 kV accelerating voltage, 0.1-1000 mA tube current, 0.1-10 kW power dissipation**. Failure boundary: **Target temperature exceeding 2800°C (melting point of tungsten), vacuum pressure above 10^-4 Pa, anode heat load exceeding 300 kJ**, Mechanism: **Thermal fatigue from cyclic heating/cooling (coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch), electron back-bombardment causing localized overheating, gas evolution from outgassing materials increasing pressure**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Heat Sterilization F0 Lethality Model**:

> **Primary Equation**: $F_0 = \int_{0}^{t} 10^{(T-121.1)/z} dt$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Validates microbial reduction integrity for aseptic packaging.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| T | Process Temp (°C) | **$T \in [121-135]$ °C** (Per `temperature_range`) |
| t | Exposure Time (min) | Engineering Constant |
| z | Z-value | **10 °C** (Standard for *C. botulinum*) |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Exceeding 300 kJ anode heat load within 1 second | 8 | Tungsten target melting and vaporization | Implementing rotating anode with molybdenum substrate (thermal conductivity 138 W/m·K), active oil cooling maintaining &lt;60°C |
| Vacuum degradation to 10^-3 Pa due to outgassing | 8 | Gas ionization causing electrical arcing and filament oxidation | Integrating non-evaporable getter pumps (SAES St707) maintaining 10^-6 Pa, using oxygen-free copper seals with 10^-9 Pa·m³/s leak rate |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | kV | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Rotating Anode (Target)](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/rotating-anode-target.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Rotor/Stator Assembly](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/rotorstator-assembly.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **High Voltage Power Supply**, **Cooling System**, **X-ray Detector**  
**Downstream Applications**: Medical X-ray Imaging Systems, Industrial CT Scanners, Security Screening Equipment  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What makes this X-ray tube suitable for computer and optical product manufacturing?
**A**: This X-ray tube features precise electron acceleration and high-resolution capabilities essential for inspecting microelectronics, circuit boards, and optical components, with materials like tungsten and rhenium alloy ensuring durability in industrial environments.

### Q: How does the rotating anode design improve performance?
**A**: The rotating anode spreads heat across a larger surface area, preventing target overheating and extending tube life, while maintaining consistent X-ray output for continuous manufacturing processes.

### Q: What are the key maintenance considerations for this X-ray tube?
**A**: Regular inspection of the cathode filament, monitoring anode wear, and ensuring proper cooling of copper heat sinks are crucial. The glass/ceramic envelope should be checked for vacuum integrity to prevent performance degradation.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 16526-2:2011 (NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING - MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE X-RAY TUBE VOLTAGE)
- IEC 60601-2-28:2017 (MEDICAL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT - PART 2-28: PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BASIC SAFETY AND ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE OF X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: X-ray Tube](https://cnfx.com/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/x-ray-tube)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: X_RAY_TUBE | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 43369a85
