---
title: "Electromagnetic Relay"
industry: "Electrical Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTROMAGNETIC_RELAY"
  data_integrity_hash: "75c3e8cd77b64181609bd4ecc85cefc0"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTROMAGNETIC_RELAY"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/electromagnetic-relay.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/electromagnetic-relay"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "5-110 VDC coil voltage, 0.1-30 A contact current, -40°C to +85°C ambient temperature"
    unit: "A"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 100
    unit: "ms"
    consequence: "Joule heating exceeding material thermal limits (copper resistivity ρ=1.68×10⁻⁸ Ω·m), electromagnetic force saturation (B-H curve knee point at 1.6 T), contact erosion from arc energy (E=∫V·I dt &gt; 50 mJ)"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Coil insulation degradation from thermal cycling (ΔT&gt;70°C, 10⁴ cycles)"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Class H insulation (180°C rated) with vacuum impregnation and thermal interface material"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Contact bounce &gt;2 ms during closure under 80% rated load"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Anti-bounce spring design with 15 N preload and AgSnO₂ contact material"
bom_nodes:
  coil:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:COIL"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  armature:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ARMATURE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  contacts:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CONTACTS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  spring:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SPRING"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  yoke:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:YOKE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/electromagnetic-relay.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "c0154a92193e1dcdd44224220e5b4217d5e74e9fc3e7a0538199b3ababac8502"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Electromagnetic Relay

## 1. Technical Definition
An electromechanical switching device that uses an electromagnet to mechanically operate contacts, enabling control of high-power circuits with low-power signals.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **5-110 VDC coil voltage, 0.1-30 A contact current, -40°C to +85°C ambient temperature**. Failure boundary: **Coil burnout at 150% rated voltage for &gt;100 ms, contact welding at 200% rated current for &gt;10 ms, insulation breakdown at 150°C**, Mechanism: **Joule heating exceeding material thermal limits (copper resistivity ρ=1.68×10⁻⁸ Ω·m), electromagnetic force saturation (B-H curve knee point at 1.6 T), contact erosion from arc energy (E=∫V·I dt &gt; 50 mJ)**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Joule Heating & Thermal Resistance**:

> **Primary Equation**: $P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Governs heating element sizing for shrink tunnels/sealers.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| I | Current | Engineering Constant |
| R | Resistance | Engineering Constant |
| V | Voltage | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Coil insulation degradation from thermal cycling (ΔT&gt;70°C, 10⁴ cycles) | 8 | Inter-turn short circuit reducing magnetic force below 0.8 N minimum | Class H insulation (180°C rated) with vacuum impregnation and thermal interface material |
| Contact bounce &gt;2 ms during closure under 80% rated load | 8 | Arc erosion exceeding 0.5 mm³ material loss per 10⁶ operations | Anti-bounce spring design with 15 N preload and AgSnO₂ contact material |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | A | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Coil](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/coil.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Coil Winding Machine**, **Contact Welding Machine**, **Automatic Assembly Line**  
**Downstream Applications**: Motor Starters, Circuit Breakers, Industrial Control Panels  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What are the main applications of electromagnetic relays in electrical equipment manufacturing?
**A**: Electromagnetic relays are used for motor control, circuit protection, automation systems, and switching high-current loads in industrial electrical equipment.

### Q: How does the silver alloy contact material improve relay performance?
**A**: Silver alloy contacts provide excellent electrical conductivity, reduce contact resistance, minimize arcing, and offer superior durability for frequent switching operations.

### Q: What maintenance is required for electromagnetic relays in industrial settings?
**A**: Regular inspection of contacts for wear, cleaning of contact surfaces, checking spring tension, and testing coil resistance are recommended for optimal performance and longevity.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Electromagnetic Relay](https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/electromagnetic-relay)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **5** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: ELECTROMAGNETIC_RELAY | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 0a066678
