---
title: "Measurement Circuit (Voltmeter &amp; Ammeter)"
industry: "Electrical Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:MEASUREMENT_CIRCUIT_VOLTMETER_AMMETER"
  data_integrity_hash: "14c622f2aae63e3c2fbf545a277dd286"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:MEASUREMENT_CIRCUIT_VOLTMETER_AMMETER"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/measurement-circuit-voltmeter-ammeter.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/measurement-circuit-voltmeter-ammeter"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0-100 kV DC, 0-10 kA DC"
    unit: "kV; A"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 110
    unit: "kV"
    consequence: "Electron avalanche breakdown in air at 3×10^6 V/m field strength (Paschen's Law), Joule heating exceeding 500 W/cm² thermal dissipation capacity"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Transient voltage surge exceeding 150 kV/μs dv/dt rating"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Gas discharge tube protection with 90 V breakdown voltage placed parallel to measurement inputs"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Continuous overload at 12 kA for 100 ms duration"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Active cooling with 200 W Peltier elements maintaining 25±2°C operating temperature"
bom_nodes:
  voltage-divider-network:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:VOLTAGE_DIVIDER_NETWORK"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  current-shunt-ct:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CURRENT_SHUNT_CT"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  signal-conditioning-pcb:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SIGNAL_CONDITIONING_PCB"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  display-readout-interface:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:DISPLAY_READOUT_INTERFACE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/measurement-circuit-voltmeter-ammeter.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "e3e5cf7a2913bbc03117e486195df0958ef9f543c875f23473f63ae86629de9a"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Measurement Circuit (Voltmeter &amp; Ammeter)

## 1. Technical Definition
A specialized electrical circuit within a high-voltage test module designed to accurately measure voltage and current parameters during testing operations.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0-100 kV DC, 0-10 kA DC**. Failure boundary: **Dielectric breakdown at 110 kV DC (air gap insulation), thermal runaway at 11 kA DC (copper conductor melting point 1085°C)**, Mechanism: **Electron avalanche breakdown in air at 3×10^6 V/m field strength (Paschen's Law), Joule heating exceeding 500 W/cm² thermal dissipation capacity**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Combined Measurement Uncertainty**:

> **Primary Equation**: $u_c = \sqrt{\sum u_i^2}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Defines the precision confidence interval for inspection.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| u_i | Standard Uncertainty components | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Transient voltage surge exceeding 150 kV/μs dv/dt rating | 8 | Insulation puncture in voltage divider resistors (1 MΩ precision) | Gas discharge tube protection with 90 V breakdown voltage placed parallel to measurement inputs |
| Continuous overload at 12 kA for 100 ms duration | 8 | Shunt resistor (100 μΩ manganin) thermal deformation causing 0.5% calibration drift | Active cooling with 200 W Peltier elements maintaining 25±2°C operating temperature |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | kV; A | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Voltage Divider Network](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/voltage-divider-network.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Current Shunt / CT](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/current-shunt-ct.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Signal Conditioning PCB](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/signal-conditioning-pcb.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Display / Readout Interface](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/display-readout-interface.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **High-Voltage Power Supply**, **Signal Conditioning Unit**, **Data Acquisition System**  
**Downstream Applications**: High-Voltage Circuit Breakers, Power Transformers, Electrical Switchgear  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What insulation materials are recommended for this measurement circuit?
**A**: FR-4 and ceramic insulating materials provide optimal electrical isolation and thermal stability for high-voltage applications in test modules.

### Q: How does the voltage divider network ensure measurement accuracy?
**A**: Precision metal film resistors in the voltage divider network maintain stable resistance values with minimal temperature drift, ensuring consistent voltage measurement accuracy across varying conditions.

### Q: Can this circuit handle both AC and DC measurements?
**A**: Yes, with proper signal conditioning and appropriate shunt/CT selection, the circuit can accurately measure both AC and DC parameters in testing operations.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance

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### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Measurement Circuit (Voltmeter &amp; Ammeter)](https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/measurement-circuit-voltmeter-ammeter)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: MEASUREMENT_CIRCUIT_VOLTMETER_AMMETER | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: d5147f54
