---
title: "Power Transformer/Inductor"
industry: "Electrical Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:POWER_TRANSFORMERINDUCTOR"
  data_integrity_hash: "c6dce33d27a03f6ddd88dd22475a8197"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:POWER_TRANSFORMERINDUCTOR"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/power-transformerinductor.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/power-transformerinductor"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "85-265 VAC input, 12-48 VDC output, 50-100 kHz switching frequency, -40°C to +125°C ambient temperature"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 2.0
    unit: "Tesla"
    consequence: "Core saturation due to excessive magnetizing current (B-H curve nonlinearity), insulation degradation from partial discharge (Paschen's law breakdown), copper loss heating (I²R dissipation exceeding thermal dissipation capacity)"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Core saturation from DC bias current exceeding 10% of rated current"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Gapped core design with 0.1-0.3 mm air gap, DC bias current monitoring circuit with 5% threshold"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Inter-turn insulation breakdown from voltage spikes exceeding 1.5 kV/μs dv/dt"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Triple-insulated wire (10 kV dielectric strength), inter-winding shielding with 2 mm creepage distance, snubber circuit with 100 nF capacitor and 10 Ω resistor"
bom_nodes:
  magnetic-core:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:MAGNETIC_CORE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  primary-winding:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:PRIMARY_WINDING"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  secondary-winding:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SECONDARY_WINDING"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  bobbin:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:BOBBIN"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  insulation-layer:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:INSULATION_LAYER"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "CE MARKING - COMPLIANCE WITH EU DIRECTIVES (E.G., LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE 2014/35/EU)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/power-transformerinductor.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "b4af4c2e48ec05c2276a970665467f3ffc4826d4f16c24d49f29fd6b8b0bd9af"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Power Transformer/Inductor

## 1. Technical Definition
An electromagnetic component in LED drivers that transforms voltage/current levels and stores energy in magnetic fields.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **85-265 VAC input, 12-48 VDC output, 50-100 kHz switching frequency, -40°C to +125°C ambient temperature**. Failure boundary: **Core saturation at 1.5-2.0 Tesla magnetic flux density, insulation breakdown at 3 kV/mm dielectric strength, thermal runaway at 150°C winding temperature**, Mechanism: **Core saturation due to excessive magnetizing current (B-H curve nonlinearity), insulation degradation from partial discharge (Paschen's law breakdown), copper loss heating (I²R dissipation exceeding thermal dissipation capacity)**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Joule Heating & Thermal Resistance**:

> **Primary Equation**: $P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Governs heating element sizing for shrink tunnels/sealers.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| I | Current | Engineering Constant |
| R | Resistance | Engineering Constant |
| V | Voltage | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Core saturation from DC bias current exceeding 10% of rated current | 8 | Inductance collapse (reduction to 20-30% of nominal value) | Gapped core design with 0.1-0.3 mm air gap, DC bias current monitoring circuit with 5% threshold |
| Inter-turn insulation breakdown from voltage spikes exceeding 1.5 kV/μs dv/dt | 8 | Winding short circuit (resistance drop below 0.1 Ω) | Triple-insulated wire (10 kV dielectric strength), inter-winding shielding with 2 mm creepage distance, snubber circuit with 100 nF capacitor and 10 Ω resistor |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Winding Machine**, **Vacuum Impregnation System**, **Core Cutting and Stacking Machine**  
**Downstream Applications**: LED Lighting Fixtures, Power Supplies, Industrial Control Systems  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What are the key benefits of using ferrite cores in power transformers for LED drivers?
**A**: Ferrite cores offer high magnetic permeability, low core losses at high frequencies, excellent temperature stability, and reduced electromagnetic interference - making them ideal for efficient LED driver applications.

### Q: How does the insulation material affect transformer performance and safety?
**A**: Proper insulation prevents short circuits between windings, withstands high temperatures, maintains dielectric strength, and ensures long-term reliability while meeting safety standards for electrical equipment.

### Q: What specifications should I consider when selecting a power transformer for LED lighting systems?
**A**: Key specifications include operating frequency range, power rating, inductance value, saturation current, temperature rating, insulation class, physical dimensions, and compliance with relevant industry standards.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- CE MARKING - COMPLIANCE WITH EU DIRECTIVES (E.G., LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE 2014/35/EU)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Power Transformer/Inductor](https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/power-transformerinductor)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **5** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: POWER_TRANSFORMERINDUCTOR | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: ef59dcef
