---
title: "Protection Relay"
industry: "Electrical Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:PROTECTION_RELAY"
  data_integrity_hash: "4e7b3638e376d909093ad01d85673e58"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:PROTECTION_RELAY"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/protection-relay.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/protection-relay"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0.5-150 A continuous current, 50-400 V AC nominal voltage, -40°C to +85°C ambient temperature"
    unit: "A"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 200
    unit: "A"
    consequence: "Insulation breakdown at 3 kV/mm dielectric strength threshold, semiconductor junction thermal runaway at 150°C, electromagnetic coil saturation at 1.5 T magnetic flux density"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Lightning-induced voltage surge exceeding 10 kV/μs rise time"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Metal oxide varistor with 8/20 μs waveform rating of 40 kA and clamping voltage of 650 V"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Harmonic distortion exceeding 15% total harmonic distortion at 250 Hz"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Rogowski coil current sensor with 0.5% accuracy up to 100 kHz frequency response"
bom_nodes:
  current-transformer:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CURRENT_TRANSFORMER"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  microprocessor:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:MICROPROCESSOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  output-contacts:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OUTPUT_CONTACTS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/protection-relay.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "1dc00746a1ef0d62bb494d5a7050878216a20e648e52b65654eafc9722fab6db"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Protection Relay

## 1. Technical Definition
An electrical device that monitors power system conditions and triggers protective actions when abnormal parameters are detected.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0.5-150 A continuous current, 50-400 V AC nominal voltage, -40°C to +85°C ambient temperature**. Failure boundary: **Current exceeding 200 A for &gt;100 ms, voltage exceeding 600 V AC, temperature exceeding 105°C internal component temperature**, Mechanism: **Insulation breakdown at 3 kV/mm dielectric strength threshold, semiconductor junction thermal runaway at 150°C, electromagnetic coil saturation at 1.5 T magnetic flux density**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Joule Heating & Thermal Resistance**:

> **Primary Equation**: $P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Governs heating element sizing for shrink tunnels/sealers.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| I | Current | Engineering Constant |
| R | Resistance | Engineering Constant |
| V | Voltage | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Lightning-induced voltage surge exceeding 10 kV/μs rise time | 8 | Solid-state relay component avalanche breakdown | Metal oxide varistor with 8/20 μs waveform rating of 40 kA and clamping voltage of 650 V |
| Harmonic distortion exceeding 15% total harmonic distortion at 250 Hz | 8 | Current transformer core saturation causing measurement error &gt;5% | Rogowski coil current sensor with 0.5% accuracy up to 100 kHz frequency response |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | A | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Current Transformer](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/current-transformer.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Current Transformers**, **Voltage Transformers**, **Circuit Breakers**  
**Downstream Applications**: Electrical Switchgear, Power Distribution Panels, Motor Control Centers  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What is the primary function of a protection relay in electrical equipment manufacturing?
**A**: A protection relay continuously monitors electrical power system parameters and automatically triggers protective actions like circuit interruption when it detects abnormal conditions such as overcurrent, under-voltage, or faults to prevent equipment damage and ensure safety.

### Q: What materials are used in the construction of this protection relay?
**A**: This protection relay is constructed using copper windings for efficient conductivity, a silicon steel core for magnetic performance, electronic components including a microprocessor for processing, and a durable plastic housing for protection and insulation.

### Q: What key components are included in the protection relay's bill of materials (BOM)?
**A**: The essential BOM components include a current transformer for measuring electrical current, a microprocessor for analyzing system conditions and making decisions, and output contacts that physically open or close circuits to execute protective actions.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance

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### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Protection Relay](https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/protection-relay)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **3** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: PROTECTION_RELAY | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 88bb5a60
