---
title: "Rechargeable Battery"
industry: "Electrical Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:RECHARGEABLE_BATTERY"
  data_integrity_hash: "713ab3c9a69993f7c27aa7b425f63de9"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:RECHARGEABLE_BATTERY"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/rechargeable-battery.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/rechargeable-battery"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "2.5-4.2 V per cell, -20°C to +60°C ambient temperature, 0.1-1C charge/discharge rate"
    unit: "Ah"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 2.0
    unit: "V"
    consequence: "Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer breakdown at low voltage causing copper current collector dissolution; electrolyte oxidation at high voltage producing CO₂ gas; Arrhenius law thermal acceleration of exothermic reactions at elevated temperatures"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Overvoltage charging beyond 4.25 V per cell"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Battery Management System (BMS) with precision voltage sensing (±0.5% accuracy) and redundant MOSFET cutoff at 4.20 V"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Deep discharge below 2.0 V per cell for &gt;24 hours"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Low-voltage disconnect circuit with hysteresis (cutoff at 2.5 V, reconnect at 3.0 V) and passive balancing during discharge"
bom_nodes:
  cathode:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CATHODE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  anode:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ANODE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  electrolyte:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTROLYTE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  separator:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SEPARATOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  battery-management-system-bms:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:BATTERY_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM_BMS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 12405-4:2018 (ELECTRICALLY PROPELLED ROAD VEHICLES - TEST SPECIFICATION FOR LITHIUM-ION TRACTION BATTERY SYSTEMS AND PACKS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "IEC 62133-2:2017 (SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PORTABLE SEALED SECONDARY CELLS, AND FOR BATTERIES MADE FROM THEM, FOR USE IN PORTABLE APPLICATIONS - PART 2: LITHIUM SYSTEMS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/rechargeable-battery.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "4d42de4033686ce5f70effb69cfe5061c9c382c1bb9523425d056347cc88bfc3"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Rechargeable Battery

## 1. Technical Definition
An electrical energy storage device that can be recharged and discharged multiple times, used to store solar energy in outdoor solar bollards.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **2.5-4.2 V per cell, -20°C to +60°C ambient temperature, 0.1-1C charge/discharge rate**. Failure boundary: **Cell voltage &lt; 2.0 V (irreversible copper dissolution), &gt;4.25 V (electrolyte decomposition), temperature &gt;80°C (thermal runaway), internal pressure &gt;10 bar (venting)**, Mechanism: **Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer breakdown at low voltage causing copper current collector dissolution; electrolyte oxidation at high voltage producing CO₂ gas; Arrhenius law thermal acceleration of exothermic reactions at elevated temperatures**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Joule Heating & Thermal Resistance**:

> **Primary Equation**: $P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Governs heating element sizing for shrink tunnels/sealers.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| I | Current | Engineering Constant |
| R | Resistance | Engineering Constant |
| V | Voltage | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Overvoltage charging beyond 4.25 V per cell | 8 | Electrolyte decomposition generating CO₂ gas, cell swelling and potential venting | Battery Management System (BMS) with precision voltage sensing (±0.5% accuracy) and redundant MOSFET cutoff at 4.20 V |
| Deep discharge below 2.0 V per cell for &gt;24 hours | 8 | Copper current collector dissolution causing internal short circuit and capacity loss &gt;30% | Low-voltage disconnect circuit with hysteresis (cutoff at 2.5 V, reconnect at 3.0 V) and passive balancing during discharge |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | Ah | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Battery Management System (BMS)](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/battery-management-system-bms.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Battery Formation and Testing System**, **Electrolyte Filling Machine**, **Battery Cell Winding Machine**  
**Downstream Applications**: Solar Bollard Lighting Systems, Portable Solar Power Stations, Solar-Powered Security Lighting  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What is the lifespan of rechargeable batteries for solar bollards?
**A**: Typically 3-5 years for lithium-ion and LiFePO4 batteries, with 500-2000 charge cycles depending on usage and maintenance.

### Q: How do I choose between LiFePO4 and lead-acid batteries for solar applications?
**A**: LiFePO4 offers longer lifespan, higher efficiency, and better temperature tolerance, while lead-acid is more cost-effective for initial installation.

### Q: Why is a Battery Management System (BMS) important for solar bollard batteries?
**A**: A BMS protects against overcharging, deep discharge, and temperature extremes, extending battery life and ensuring safe operation in outdoor conditions.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 12405-4:2018 (ELECTRICALLY PROPELLED ROAD VEHICLES - TEST SPECIFICATION FOR LITHIUM-ION TRACTION BATTERY SYSTEMS AND PACKS)
- IEC 62133-2:2017 (SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES - SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR PORTABLE SEALED SECONDARY CELLS, AND FOR BATTERIES MADE FROM THEM, FOR USE IN PORTABLE APPLICATIONS - PART 2: LITHIUM SYSTEMS)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Rechargeable Battery](https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/rechargeable-battery)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **5** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: RECHARGEABLE_BATTERY | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 9da64b89
