---
title: "Test Electrodes"
industry: "Electrical Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:TEST_ELECTRODES"
  data_integrity_hash: "e23e50c962194dbe2b2c84594396e026"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:TEST_ELECTRODES"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/test-electrodes.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/test-electrodes"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0-15 kV DC, 0-10 mA current, 20-100°C ambient temperature"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 15
    unit: "kV"
    consequence: "Electron avalanche breakdown in air gaps exceeding Paschen's law threshold (327 V at 7.5 μm gap), thermionic emission leading to electrode material vaporization at Richardson-Dushman equation thresholds"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) below 8 kV due to surface contamination"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Gold-plated tungsten electrodes with 0.5 μm surface finish, SF6 gas insulation at 0.5 MPa pressure"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Thermal runaway from joule heating at &gt;5 mA sustained current"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Copper-tungsten composite electrodes (70/30 ratio) with active liquid cooling maintaining &lt;80°C electrode temperature"
bom_nodes:
  electrode-tip:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTRODE_TIP"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  electrode-body:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ELECTRODE_BODY"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  insulation-sleeve:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:INSULATION_SLEEVE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 18595:2017 - RESISTANCE WELDING - ELECTRODES AND ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "ASTM E3-11(2017) - STANDARD GUIDE FOR PREPARATION OF METALLOGRAPHIC SPECIMENS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "CE MARKING UNDER EU DIRECTIVE 2014/35/EU (LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE) FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/test-electrodes.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "e973ca1c21a406a1a29d26858ce61f35f77e0539160ce02e44e8fe8e06646465"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Test Electrodes

## 1. Technical Definition
Conductive components used to apply high voltage and measure dielectric strength in insulation testing equipment

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0-15 kV DC, 0-10 mA current, 20-100°C ambient temperature**. Failure boundary: **Dielectric breakdown at &gt;15 kV/mm field strength, electrode erosion at &gt;150°C localized temperature, contact resistance &gt;100 mΩ**, Mechanism: **Electron avalanche breakdown in air gaps exceeding Paschen's law threshold (327 V at 7.5 μm gap), thermionic emission leading to electrode material vaporization at Richardson-Dushman equation thresholds**.

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) below 8 kV due to surface contamination | 8 | Corona discharge leading to electrode pitting and insulation carbon tracking | Gold-plated tungsten electrodes with 0.5 μm surface finish, SF6 gas insulation at 0.5 MPa pressure |
| Thermal runaway from joule heating at &gt;5 mA sustained current | 8 | Electrode material recrystallization causing dimensional instability &gt;50 μm deformation | Copper-tungsten composite electrodes (70/30 ratio) with active liquid cooling maintaining &lt;80°C electrode temperature |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **High Voltage Power Supply**, **Dielectric Test Chamber**, **Precision Measurement System**  
**Downstream Applications**: Insulation Testers, High Voltage Test Equipment, Electrical Safety Analyzers  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What materials are available for test electrodes and what are their advantages?
**A**: Our test electrodes are available in stainless steel (for corrosion resistance and durability), copper (for excellent conductivity), and brass (for good conductivity with machinability). Each material is selected based on specific application requirements in electrical equipment manufacturing.

### Q: How do test electrodes function in insulation testing equipment?
**A**: Test electrodes are conductive components that apply controlled high voltage to materials while measuring dielectric strength. They ensure accurate assessment of insulation properties by maintaining consistent contact and electrical characteristics during testing procedures.

### Q: What components make up a complete test electrode assembly?
**A**: A complete test electrode assembly consists of three main components: the electrode body (main structural component), electrode tip (contact point for testing), and insulation sleeve (safety component that prevents electrical leakage and protects operators).

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 18595:2017 - RESISTANCE WELDING - ELECTRODES AND ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT
- ASTM E3-11(2017) - STANDARD GUIDE FOR PREPARATION OF METALLOGRAPHIC SPECIMENS
- CE MARKING UNDER EU DIRECTIVE 2014/35/EU (LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE) FOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Test Electrodes](https://cnfx.com/industry/electrical-equipment-manufacturing/product/test-electrodes)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **3** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: TEST_ELECTRODES | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: ede94202
