---
title: "Drying Tunnel"
industry: "Leather and Related Product Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:DRYING_TUNNEL"
  data_integrity_hash: "97499d22717fdec1faba92a3837e094b"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:DRYING_TUNNEL"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/leather-and-related-product-manufacturing/product/drying-tunnel.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/leather-and-related-product-manufacturing/product/drying-tunnel"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "60-120°C air temperature, 0.5-3.0 m/s airflow velocity, 30-80% relative humidity"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 140
    unit: "°C"
    consequence: "Leather collagen denaturation at 140°C (glass transition temperature), protein chain scission at 160°C causing irreversible tensile strength loss"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Heating element PID controller integral windup"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Cascade control with secondary thermocouple feedback loop and hardware temperature limit switch at 150°C"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Belt drive tensioner spring fatigue (σ_max &gt; 0.8σ_yield)"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Dual redundant tensioning system with strain gauge monitoring and automatic tension compensation"
bom_nodes:
  heating-elements:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:HEATING_ELEMENTS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  air-circulation-fans:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:AIR_CIRCULATION_FANS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  temperature-sensors:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:TEMPERATURE_SENSORS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  conveyor-system:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CONVEYOR_SYSTEM"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "CE MARKING - EU MACHINERY DIRECTIVE 2006/42/EC"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/leather-and-related-product-manufacturing/product/drying-tunnel.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "3ea5e782cba863308d74f61785967cb1903b0fd83993f689d99c562a5d47bc2a"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Drying Tunnel

## 1. Technical Definition
A controlled-environment chamber within leather processing systems that removes moisture from leather through heated airflow.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **60-120°C air temperature, 0.5-3.0 m/s airflow velocity, 30-80% relative humidity**. Failure boundary: **Thermal degradation initiates at 140°C leather surface temperature, structural failure occurs at 160°C for &gt;15 minutes exposure**, Mechanism: **Leather collagen denaturation at 140°C (glass transition temperature), protein chain scission at 160°C causing irreversible tensile strength loss**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **LMTD Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference**:

> **Primary Equation**: $Q = U \cdot A \cdot \Delta T_{lm}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Sizing validation for pasteurization and cooling tunnels.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| U | Heat Transfer Coeff | Engineering Constant |
| A | Area | Engineering Constant |
| \Delta T_{lm} | LMTD | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Heating element PID controller integral windup | 8 | Thermal runaway exceeding 160°C chamber temperature | Cascade control with secondary thermocouple feedback loop and hardware temperature limit switch at 150°C |
| Belt drive tensioner spring fatigue (σ_max &gt; 0.8σ_yield) | 8 | Conveyor belt slippage causing uneven drying (Δt &gt; ±5°C across width) | Dual redundant tensioning system with strain gauge monitoring and automatic tension compensation |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Heating Elements](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/heating-elements.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Air Circulation Fans](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/air-circulation-fans.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Temperature Sensors](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/temperature-sensors.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Conveyor System](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/conveyor-system.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Air Compressor System**, **Industrial Dehumidifier**, **Exhaust Ventilation System**  
**Downstream Applications**: Finished Leather Hides, Leather Garments, Leather Accessories  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What are the main benefits of using a drying tunnel in leather manufacturing?
**A**: Drying tunnels provide controlled, consistent moisture removal that prevents cracking and uneven drying, improves leather quality, increases production speed, and reduces energy consumption compared to traditional drying methods.

### Q: How does the conveyor system work in a leather drying tunnel?
**A**: The conveyor system moves leather hides or pieces through the tunnel at a controlled speed, ensuring even exposure to heated airflow throughout the drying process for uniform moisture removal and consistent results.

### Q: What temperature range is optimal for leather drying in these tunnels?
**A**: Optimal temperatures typically range from 40°C to 70°C (104°F to 158°F), depending on leather type and thickness. Temperature sensors maintain precise control to prevent damage while ensuring efficient drying.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- CE MARKING - EU MACHINERY DIRECTIVE 2006/42/EC

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Drying Tunnel](https://cnfx.com/industry/leather-and-related-product-manufacturing/product/drying-tunnel)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: DRYING_TUNNEL | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 402f2638
