---
title: "Bearings"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:BEARINGS"
  data_integrity_hash: "a949cbe222dbd2eb634dcfc9c5bb08f5"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:BEARINGS"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/bearings.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/bearings"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0.5-15000 rpm rotational speed, -40°C to 150°C temperature, 0.1-100 kN radial load"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 10
    unit: "life"
    consequence: "Hertzian contact stress exceeding material yield strength (typically 1800-2200 MPa for bearing steel), lubricant film thickness &lt; 0.1 μm causing boundary lubrication"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Insufficient lubricant film thickness (λ &lt; 1)"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Forced lubrication system with minimum 0.5 μm film thickness at 40°C operating temperature"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Misalignment exceeding 0.0005 rad/mm"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Self-aligning bearing design with ±2° angular misalignment compensation"
bom_nodes:
  inner-race:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:INNER_RACE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  outer-race:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OUTER_RACE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  rolling-elements:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ROLLING_ELEMENTS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  cageretainer:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CAGERETAINER"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  sealsshields:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SEALSSHIELDS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 15:2011 (ROLLING BEARINGS - RADIAL BEARINGS - BOUNDARY DIMENSIONS, GENERAL PLAN)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "ANSI/ABMA 9:1990 (LOAD RATINGS AND FATIGUE LIFE FOR BALL BEARINGS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "DIN 620-2:2018 (ROLLING BEARINGS - TOLERANCES - PART 2: MEASURING AND GAUGING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/bearings.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "fe137e3874b4af3fc05d0bf5809170f1d34f030182aefc7384c2b6fa3dc50876"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Bearings

## 1. Technical Definition
Mechanical components that support rotating shafts and reduce friction between moving parts in nip roll assemblies.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0.5-15000 rpm rotational speed, -40°C to 150°C temperature, 0.1-100 kN radial load**. Failure boundary: **L10 life exceeded (90% survival probability), 0.1 mm radial clearance increase, 85°C lubricant breakdown temperature**, Mechanism: **Hertzian contact stress exceeding material yield strength (typically 1800-2200 MPa for bearing steel), lubricant film thickness &lt; 0.1 μm causing boundary lubrication**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **L10 Bearing Life & Fatigue Model**:

> **Primary Equation**: $L_{10} = (\frac{C}{P})^p$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Predicts mechanical lifecycle before component fatigue.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| C | Dynamic Load Rating | Engineering Constant |
| P | Equivalent Dynamic Load | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Insufficient lubricant film thickness (λ &lt; 1) | 8 | Metal-to-metal contact causing adhesive wear and spalling | Forced lubrication system with minimum 0.5 μm film thickness at 40°C operating temperature |
| Misalignment exceeding 0.0005 rad/mm | 8 | Edge loading and premature fatigue failure | Self-aligning bearing design with ±2° angular misalignment compensation |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Lubrication System**, **Alignment Tools**, **Vibration Monitoring Equipment**  
**Downstream Applications**: Electric Motors, Conveyor Systems, Industrial Gearboxes  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What materials are best for bearings in high-moisture environments?
**A**: Stainless steel bearings offer superior corrosion resistance for high-moisture or washdown applications in machinery manufacturing.

### Q: How do bearing seals and shields affect performance in nip roll assemblies?
**A**: Seals and shields protect rolling elements from contamination while retaining lubrication, extending bearing life and maintaining consistent friction reduction in nip roll applications.

### Q: What are the advantages of ceramic bearings over steel in machinery manufacturing?
**A**: Ceramic bearings provide higher speed capability, reduced weight, superior corrosion resistance, and longer service life in demanding industrial applications.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 15:2011 (ROLLING BEARINGS - RADIAL BEARINGS - BOUNDARY DIMENSIONS, GENERAL PLAN)
- ANSI/ABMA 9:1990 (LOAD RATINGS AND FATIGUE LIFE FOR BALL BEARINGS)
- DIN 620-2:2018 (ROLLING BEARINGS - TOLERANCES - PART 2: MEASURING AND GAUGING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Bearings](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/bearings)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **5** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: BEARINGS | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 6fc2bdba
