---
title: "Coil/Solenoid"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:COILSOLENOID"
  data_integrity_hash: "55d77885be649ddec47bd70ab430215e"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:COILSOLENOID"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/coilsolenoid.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/coilsolenoid"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "12-24 VDC, 0.5-2.0 A, 0-85°C ambient temperature, 0-100% relative humidity (non-condensing)"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 150
    unit: "°C"
    consequence: "Joule heating exceeding insulation thermal class (Class B 130°C) causing dielectric breakdown, magnetic hysteresis losses generating localized hotspots exceeding Curie temperature (770°C for iron core)"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Voltage transients exceeding 48 VDC (200% rated voltage) for &gt;10 μs"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "TVS diode clamping at 36 VDC with 600 W peak pulse power rating"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Continuous duty cycle exceeding 60% at maximum rated current (2.0 A)"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "PWM current control with thermal derating above 70°C ambient, using NTC thermistor feedback (10 kΩ at 25°C, B-value 3950 K)"
bom_nodes:
  wire-winding:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:WIRE_WINDING"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  bobbin:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:BOBBIN"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  terminal-connections:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:TERMINAL_CONNECTIONS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  insulation-layer:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:INSULATION_LAYER"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 9001:2015 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/coilsolenoid.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "eeda328cdcf129b4d96e9b79fa571c256725facc9e80be4c56ea57dcbcfeefda"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Coil/Solenoid

## 1. Technical Definition
Electromagnetic component that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion to actuate valves.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **12-24 VDC, 0.5-2.0 A, 0-85°C ambient temperature, 0-100% relative humidity (non-condensing)**. Failure boundary: **Coil insulation breakdown at 150°C, magnetic saturation at 1.6 T flux density, mechanical fatigue at 10^7 actuation cycles**, Mechanism: **Joule heating exceeding insulation thermal class (Class B 130°C) causing dielectric breakdown, magnetic hysteresis losses generating localized hotspots exceeding Curie temperature (770°C for iron core)**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Joule Heating & Thermal Resistance**:

> **Primary Equation**: $P = I^2 R = \frac{V^2}{R}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Governs heating element sizing for shrink tunnels/sealers.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| I | Current | Engineering Constant |
| R | Resistance | Engineering Constant |
| V | Voltage | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Voltage transients exceeding 48 VDC (200% rated voltage) for &gt;10 μs | 8 | Insulation puncture between winding layers creating inter-turn short circuit | TVS diode clamping at 36 VDC with 600 W peak pulse power rating |
| Continuous duty cycle exceeding 60% at maximum rated current (2.0 A) | 8 | Coil temperature rise to 180°C causing permanent magnet demagnetization (NdFeB magnets lose 0.12% flux per °C above 80°C) | PWM current control with thermal derating above 70°C ambient, using NTC thermistor feedback (10 kΩ at 25°C, B-value 3950 K) |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Power Supply Unit**, **Control System/PLC**, **Cooling System**  
**Downstream Applications**: Industrial Valves, Automotive Actuators, HVAC Control Systems  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What are the key applications of this coil/solenoid in machinery manufacturing?
**A**: This electromagnetic coil/solenoid is primarily used to actuate valves in industrial machinery, including hydraulic systems, pneumatic controls, and automated equipment where precise mechanical motion is required.

### Q: How does the ferromagnetic core enhance solenoid performance?
**A**: The ferromagnetic core concentrates and amplifies the magnetic field generated by the copper wire winding, increasing force output and efficiency while reducing energy consumption in valve actuation applications.

### Q: What maintenance considerations are important for industrial solenoids?
**A**: Regular inspection of insulation integrity, terminal connections, and bobbin condition is essential. Proper voltage regulation and protection from environmental contaminants will maximize service life in machinery applications.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 9001:2015 QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Coil/Solenoid](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/coilsolenoid)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: COILSOLENOID | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 04587fcb
