---
title: "Desander &amp; Desilter"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:DESANDER_DESILTER"
  data_integrity_hash: "a7143d6833b2f7a39e6a53ecd375e2e7"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:DESANDER_DESILTER"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/desander-desilter.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/desander-desilter"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0.5-3.5 bar inlet pressure, 15-45 m³/h flow rate, 50-200 μm particle size removal"
    unit: "inches"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 4.2
    unit: "bar"
    consequence: "Hydrocyclone wall fatigue failure from cyclic pressure loading exceeding 4.2 bar yield strength, or laminar flow transition below Reynolds number 4000 causing particle sedimentation"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Abrasive particle concentration exceeding 15% by volume in drilling mud"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Install tungsten carbide-lined hydrocyclones with hardness 1500 HV and implement real-time particle concentration monitoring with automatic bypass at 12% threshold"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Cavitation at pump discharge due to NPSH margin below 1.5 m"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Design pump system with minimum 3.0 m NPSH margin and install vacuum breakers on hydrocyclone overflow lines"
bom_nodes:
  hydrocyclone-cone:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:HYDROCYCLONE_CONE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  inlet-head:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:INLET_HEAD"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  apex-valve:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:APEX_VALVE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  overflow-discharge:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OVERFLOW_DISCHARGE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 13500:2014 - DRILLING FLUID MATERIALS - SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/desander-desilter.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "a1ffc67ae17a384238815459b04ad3015dfaf9f160688fbf52ce8214d2e4cf29"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Desander &amp; Desilter

## 1. Technical Definition
Solid control equipment that removes sand and silt particles from drilling mud using centrifugal force and hydrocyclone separation.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0.5-3.5 bar inlet pressure, 15-45 m³/h flow rate, 50-200 μm particle size removal**. Failure boundary: **Inlet pressure exceeds 4.2 bar causing hydrocyclone body deformation, or flow rate drops below 12 m³/h causing particle settling and clogging**, Mechanism: **Hydrocyclone wall fatigue failure from cyclic pressure loading exceeding 4.2 bar yield strength, or laminar flow transition below Reynolds number 4000 causing particle sedimentation**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Darcy-Weisbach Pressure Drop**:

> **Primary Equation**: $\Delta P = f \cdot \frac{L}{D} \cdot \frac{\rho v^2}{2}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Critical for sizing CIP (Clean-In-Place) pump heads.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| f | Friction Factor | Engineering Constant |
| L | Pipe Length | Engineering Constant |
| v | Velocity | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Abrasive particle concentration exceeding 15% by volume in drilling mud | 8 | Hydrocyclone liner erosion rate exceeding 0.5 mm/month leading to wall perforation | Install tungsten carbide-lined hydrocyclones with hardness 1500 HV and implement real-time particle concentration monitoring with automatic bypass at 12% threshold |
| Cavitation at pump discharge due to NPSH margin below 1.5 m | 8 | Hydrocyclone efficiency drop below 85% separation efficiency for 75 μm particles | Design pump system with minimum 3.0 m NPSH margin and install vacuum breakers on hydrocyclone overflow lines |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | inches | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Hydrocyclone Cone](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/food-manufacturing/product/hydrocyclone-cone.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Apex Valve](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/food-manufacturing/product/apex-valve.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Shale Shaker**, **Centrifugal Pump**, **Mud Agitator**  
**Downstream Applications**: Clean Drilling Mud, Reusable Drilling Fluid, Waste Slurry for Disposal  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What is the difference between a desander and a desilter?
**A**: Desanders remove larger sand particles (typically 40-100 microns) while desilters remove finer silt particles (15-40 microns). Both use hydrocyclone technology but with different cone sizes and configurations for optimal particle separation.

### Q: How does the hydrocyclone separation process work in this equipment?
**A**: Drilling mud enters the hydrocyclone tangentially, creating a centrifugal vortex. Heavier sand and silt particles move to the outer wall and exit through the apex valve, while cleaned mud exits through the overflow discharge at the top.

### Q: What maintenance is required for the ceramic apex valves?
**A**: Ceramic apex valves require minimal maintenance due to their extreme abrasion resistance. Periodic inspection for wear and cleaning to prevent clogging is recommended. Replacement is typically needed only after extensive operational hours.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 13500:2014 - DRILLING FLUID MATERIALS - SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Desander &amp; Desilter](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/desander-desilter)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: DESANDER_DESILTER | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: fd456fde
