---
title: "Evaporator"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:EVAPORATOR"
  data_integrity_hash: "b8aa0f381b17912d756d3d4deacef9d9"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:EVAPORATOR"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/evaporator.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/evaporator"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0.1-10 bar (1-1000 kPa) refrigerant pressure, -40°C to 120°C temperature range"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 15
    unit: "bar"
    consequence: "Thermal stress-induced fatigue cracking due to cyclic phase change expansion/contraction (coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between copper tubes and aluminum fins: 16.6×10⁻⁶/K vs 23.1×10⁻⁶/K)"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Refrigerant oil accumulation exceeding 5% volume fraction in evaporator tubes"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Install oil separator with 99.7% efficiency upstream and implement automatic oil return system"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Water ingress causing chloride ion concentration above 25 ppm in refrigerant circuit"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Apply 50 μm epoxy coating on internal surfaces and install desiccant dryer with -40°C dew point control"
bom_nodes:
  coil-tubes:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:COIL_TUBES"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  fins:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:FINS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  distribution-header:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:DISTRIBUTION_HEADER"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "PED 2014/68/EU - PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE (CE MARKING)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/evaporator.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "d817c16fb1ee7a58a985918a453c8fd3650959d29dba9f7c37336cfc4434df8a"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Evaporator

## 1. Technical Definition
A heat exchanger component in a refrigeration system where refrigerant absorbs heat from the surrounding environment, causing it to evaporate from liquid to vapor.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0.1-10 bar (1-1000 kPa) refrigerant pressure, -40°C to 120°C temperature range**. Failure boundary: **Refrigerant pressure exceeds 15 bar (1500 kPa) causing tube burst, or temperature differential exceeds 150°C between inlet and outlet**, Mechanism: **Thermal stress-induced fatigue cracking due to cyclic phase change expansion/contraction (coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between copper tubes and aluminum fins: 16.6×10⁻⁶/K vs 23.1×10⁻⁶/K)**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **LMTD Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference**:

> **Primary Equation**: $Q = U \cdot A \cdot \Delta T_{lm}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Sizing validation for pasteurization and cooling tunnels.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| U | Heat Transfer Coeff | Engineering Constant |
| A | Area | Engineering Constant |
| \Delta T_{lm} | LMTD | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Refrigerant oil accumulation exceeding 5% volume fraction in evaporator tubes | 8 | Heat transfer coefficient reduction from 1500 W/m²·K to below 300 W/m²·K | Install oil separator with 99.7% efficiency upstream and implement automatic oil return system |
| Water ingress causing chloride ion concentration above 25 ppm in refrigerant circuit | 8 | Copper tube pitting corrosion at rate exceeding 0.5 mm/year | Apply 50 μm epoxy coating on internal surfaces and install desiccant dryer with -40°C dew point control |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Distribution Header](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/distribution-header.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Compressor**, **Condenser**, **Expansion Valve**  
**Downstream Applications**: Commercial Refrigeration Systems, Industrial Chillers, HVAC Systems  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What materials are commonly used in industrial evaporators for machinery manufacturing?
**A**: Industrial evaporators are typically constructed from copper for excellent thermal conductivity, aluminum for lightweight corrosion resistance, or steel for heavy-duty durability, depending on the specific refrigeration system requirements.

### Q: How does an evaporator function in a refrigeration system?
**A**: The evaporator acts as a heat exchanger where liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the surrounding environment, causing it to evaporate into vapor. This process cools the air or fluid being circulated through the system.

### Q: What are the key components in an evaporator's bill of materials (BOM)?
**A**: A standard evaporator BOM includes coil tubes for refrigerant flow, distribution headers to ensure even refrigerant distribution, and fins to maximize surface area for efficient heat transfer between the refrigerant and surrounding medium.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- PED 2014/68/EU - PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE (CE MARKING)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Evaporator](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/evaporator)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **3** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: EVAPORATOR | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: ff77cb35
