---
title: "Heat Exchanger Core"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:HEAT_EXCHANGER_CORE"
  data_integrity_hash: "78ceb33f558e65b93541094ae84dece6"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:HEAT_EXCHANGER_CORE"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/heat-exchanger-core.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/heat-exchanger-core"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0.1-6.0 MPa, 50-400°C, 0.5-5.0 m/s fluid velocity"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 150
    unit: "°C"
    consequence: "Thermal stress exceeding yield strength (σ_y &gt; 250 MPa) due to differential expansion, erosion-corrosion at velocities exceeding 5.5 m/s, tube wall thinning below 1.2 mm"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Fouling accumulation exceeding 2.0 mm thickness"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Installation of 50 μm filtration system, chemical cleaning at 3-month intervals, tube surface enhancement with 0.3 mm rifling"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Thermal cycling &gt; 1000 cycles between 50-400°C"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Expansion bellows with 15 mm axial movement capacity, controlled ramp rates &lt; 50°C/min, post-weld heat treatment at 620°C for 2 hours"
bom_nodes:
  tubes-or-plates:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:TUBES_OR_PLATES"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  tube-sheets-plate-frames:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:TUBE_SHEETS_PLATE_FRAMES"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  baffles-spacers:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:BAFFLES_SPACERS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 15547:2016 (PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - PLATE-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/heat-exchanger-core.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "7d5fb72f4af0cbcfeacdd624ca0be6378bd9be5cd9203642e8fbd9c32f7781fe"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Heat Exchanger Core

## 1. Technical Definition
The central heat transfer component within a feed preheater that facilitates thermal energy exchange between fluid streams.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0.1-6.0 MPa, 50-400°C, 0.5-5.0 m/s fluid velocity**. Failure boundary: **ΔT &gt; 150°C across tube wall, pressure differential &gt; 6.5 MPa, fluid velocity &gt; 5.5 m/s**, Mechanism: **Thermal stress exceeding yield strength (σ_y &gt; 250 MPa) due to differential expansion, erosion-corrosion at velocities exceeding 5.5 m/s, tube wall thinning below 1.2 mm**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **LMTD Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference**:

> **Primary Equation**: $Q = U \cdot A \cdot \Delta T_{lm}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Sizing validation for pasteurization and cooling tunnels.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| U | Heat Transfer Coeff | Engineering Constant |
| A | Area | Engineering Constant |
| \Delta T_{lm} | LMTD | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Fouling accumulation exceeding 2.0 mm thickness | 8 | Heat transfer coefficient reduction below 500 W/m²·K, pressure drop increase &gt; 30% | Installation of 50 μm filtration system, chemical cleaning at 3-month intervals, tube surface enhancement with 0.3 mm rifling |
| Thermal cycling &gt; 1000 cycles between 50-400°C | 8 | Tube-to-tubesheet weld fatigue cracking at stress intensity factor K_I &gt; 35 MPa√m | Expansion bellows with 15 mm axial movement capacity, controlled ramp rates &lt; 50°C/min, post-weld heat treatment at 620°C for 2 hours |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Feed Pump System**, **Temperature Control Unit**, **Fluid Filtration System**  
**Downstream Applications**: Preheated Feed Stream, Processed Chemical Products, Energy-Efficient Industrial Systems  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What materials are best for corrosive environments in heat exchanger cores?
**A**: For highly corrosive environments, titanium and copper-nickel alloy cores offer superior resistance, while stainless steel provides excellent balance of durability and cost-effectiveness for most industrial applications.

### Q: How do baffles and spacers affect heat exchanger core performance?
**A**: Baffles and spacers optimize fluid flow patterns, prevent tube vibration, and enhance thermal efficiency by directing fluid streams across heat transfer surfaces for maximum energy exchange in feed preheater systems.

### Q: What maintenance considerations are important for heat exchanger cores?
**A**: Regular inspection for fouling, corrosion monitoring, and cleaning of tubes/plates are essential. Material selection matching your process fluids and proper installation of tube sheets/plate frames significantly extend service life.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 15547:2016 (PETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND NATURAL GAS INDUSTRIES - PLATE-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Heat Exchanger Core](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/heat-exchanger-core)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **3** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: HEAT_EXCHANGER_CORE | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 20cc3b5a
