---
title: "Light Source &amp; Sensor (Optical Type)"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:LIGHT_SOURCE_SENSOR_OPTICAL_TYPE"
  data_integrity_hash: "80299e7d38456d8a792104bf5cf863ce"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:LIGHT_SOURCE_SENSOR_OPTICAL_TYPE"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/light-source-sensor-optical-type.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/light-source-sensor-optical-type"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0.5-5.0 mW optical output power, 400-1100 nm wavelength, -40°C to +85°C ambient temperature"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 125
    unit: "°C"
    consequence: "Thermal runaway in semiconductor junctions due to excessive forward current (Arrhenius equation: failure rate doubles per 10°C rise), quantum efficiency degradation from lattice defects at high temperatures, optical window contamination reducing transmittance below 90%"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Forward current exceeding 30 mA for &gt;100 ms (beyond SOA)"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Constant current driver with foldback protection at 25 mA, thermal shutdown at 110°C junction temperature, hermetic sealing with getter material"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Ambient particulate contamination exceeding ISO 14644-1 Class 5 (100 particles/m³ ≥0.5 μm)"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "IP67-rated enclosure with labyrinth seals, positive pressure purge system at 0.5-1.0 bar, periodic maintenance at 10,000-hour intervals"
bom_nodes:
  led-chip:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:LED_CHIP"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  photodiode-array:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:PHOTODIODE_ARRAY"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  lens-assembly:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:LENS_ASSEMBLY"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  signal-conditioning-circuit:
    type: "device"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SIGNAL_CONDITIONING_CIRCUIT"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 13694:2018 - TEST METHODS FOR LASER BEAM POWER (ENERGY) DENSITY DISTRIBUTION"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "DIN EN 62471:2008 - PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF LAMPS AND LAMP SYSTEMS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/light-source-sensor-optical-type.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "f8291e148944966d8eb9958e881bac53fe7a848e26526dc2bb8a1fcf9de83356"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Light Source &amp; Sensor (Optical Type)

## 1. Technical Definition
An integrated optical component within an encoder that generates and detects light patterns to measure position or speed.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0.5-5.0 mW optical output power, 400-1100 nm wavelength, -40°C to +85°C ambient temperature**. Failure boundary: **LED/Laser diode junction temperature exceeding 125°C, photodiode dark current exceeding 100 nA at 25°C, optical power degradation below 0.3 mW**, Mechanism: **Thermal runaway in semiconductor junctions due to excessive forward current (Arrhenius equation: failure rate doubles per 10°C rise), quantum efficiency degradation from lattice defects at high temperatures, optical window contamination reducing transmittance below 90%**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Rayleigh Resolution Criterion**:

> **Primary Equation**: $d = \frac{0.61 \lambda}{NA}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Defines the theoretical limit of machine vision systems.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| \lambda | Wavelength | Engineering Constant |
| NA | Numerical Aperture | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Forward current exceeding 30 mA for &gt;100 ms (beyond SOA) | 8 | LED/Laser catastrophic optical damage (COD) with permanent output power reduction to &lt;10% nominal | Constant current driver with foldback protection at 25 mA, thermal shutdown at 110°C junction temperature, hermetic sealing with getter material |
| Ambient particulate contamination exceeding ISO 14644-1 Class 5 (100 particles/m³ ≥0.5 μm) | 8 | Optical path obscuration causing signal-to-noise ratio degradation below 6 dB | IP67-rated enclosure with labyrinth seals, positive pressure purge system at 0.5-1.0 bar, periodic maintenance at 10,000-hour intervals |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Photodiode Array](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/photodiode-array.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Lens Assembly](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/lens-assembly.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Signal Conditioning Circuit](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/computer-electronic-and-optical-product-manufacturing/product/signal-conditioning-circuit.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Precision Motion Controller**, **Clean Room Assembly Station**, **Optical Calibration System**  
**Downstream Applications**: CNC Machine Tools, Industrial Robots, Medical Imaging Equipment  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What is the primary function of this optical encoder component?
**A**: This integrated optical component generates and detects light patterns to accurately measure position or speed in machinery and equipment, serving as the core sensing element within optical encoders.

### Q: Why is Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) used for the LED in this component?
**A**: GaAs LEDs provide high-intensity infrared light output with excellent wavelength stability and long operational life, making them ideal for precise optical encoding applications in industrial environments.

### Q: How does the silicon photodiode array contribute to measurement accuracy?
**A**: The silicon photodiode array detects light patterns with high sensitivity and resolution, converting optical signals into electrical signals that can be processed to determine precise position or speed measurements with minimal error.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 13694:2018 - TEST METHODS FOR LASER BEAM POWER (ENERGY) DENSITY DISTRIBUTION
- DIN EN 62471:2008 - PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF LAMPS AND LAMP SYSTEMS

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Light Source &amp; Sensor (Optical Type)](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/light-source-sensor-optical-type)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: LIGHT_SOURCE_SENSOR_OPTICAL_TYPE | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 0a887770
