---
title: "Pressure Vessel"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:PRESSURE_VESSEL"
  data_integrity_hash: "f2a7dc389a9b803a23df476b0650a96d"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:PRESSURE_VESSEL"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/pressure-vessel.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/pressure-vessel"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0.1-1000 bar"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 250
    unit: "MPa"
    consequence: "Plastic deformation exceeding material yield point due to hoop stress (σ_h = P·r/t) exceeding σ_yield"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Corrosion rate exceeding 0.5 mm/year in chloride environment"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Internal cladding with 3.0 mm Hastelloy C-276 alloy layer"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Cyclic pressure fluctuations exceeding 10^5 cycles at 80% of design pressure"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Finite element analysis optimization to maintain stress concentration factor K_t &lt; 2.0"
bom_nodes:
  shell:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SHELL"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  headsend-closures:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:HEADSEND_CLOSURES"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  nozzles:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:NOZZLES"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  supports:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SUPPORTS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/pressure-vessel.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "0c60ad11ea190ede1c0663b8d921dbede810f52bb35a77524fe8d56589e526d7"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Pressure Vessel

## 1. Technical Definition
A sealed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from the ambient pressure.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0.1-1000 bar**. Failure boundary: **Yield strength of material at operating temperature (e.g., 250 MPa for SA-516 Grade 70 steel at 150°C)**, Mechanism: **Plastic deformation exceeding material yield point due to hoop stress (σ_h = P·r/t) exceeding σ_yield**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Thin-Wall Pressure Vessel Stress Analysis**:

> **Primary Equation**: $\sigma_h = \frac{P \cdot D}{2t}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Determines the hoop stress boundary to prevent rupture.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| P | Internal Pressure | Engineering Constant |
| D | Diameter | Engineering Constant |
| t | Wall Thickness | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Corrosion rate exceeding 0.5 mm/year in chloride environment | 8 | Wall thickness reduction below minimum required thickness (t_min = P·r/(S·E-0.6P)) | Internal cladding with 3.0 mm Hastelloy C-276 alloy layer |
| Cyclic pressure fluctuations exceeding 10^5 cycles at 80% of design pressure | 8 | Fatigue crack initiation at stress concentration points (K_t &gt; 3.0) | Finite element analysis optimization to maintain stress concentration factor K_t &lt; 2.0 |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Shell](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/shell.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Pressure Relief Valve**, **Pressure Gauge**, **Safety Interlock System**  
**Downstream Applications**: Compressed Air Storage Tank, Industrial Boiler, Chemical Reactor Vessel  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What materials are commonly used for pressure vessel construction?
**A**: Pressure vessels are typically constructed from carbon steel, stainless steel, or alloy steel, chosen based on the specific application, pressure requirements, and chemical compatibility with the stored substances.

### Q: What are the main components of a pressure vessel?
**A**: Key components include the shell (main body), heads/end closures (sealed ends), nozzles (inlet/outlet connections), and supports (structural framework), all designed to withstand internal pressure differentials.

### Q: What industries use pressure vessels in machinery manufacturing?
**A**: Pressure vessels are essential in oil &amp; gas, chemical processing, power generation, pharmaceuticals, and food &amp; beverage industries for storing and processing gases/liquids under controlled pressure conditions.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance

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### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Pressure Vessel](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/pressure-vessel)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: PRESSURE_VESSEL | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 727410b3
