---
title: "Primary (Roughing) Pump"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:PRIMARY_ROUGHING_PUMP"
  data_integrity_hash: "74841e3c73e9e84a6683a97abc6074a7"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:PRIMARY_ROUGHING_PUMP"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/primary-roughing-pump.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/primary-roughing-pump"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "1.01325 bar to 1.0e-3 bar (atmospheric to 1 mbar)"
    unit: "m³/h"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 1.0
    unit: "e"
    consequence: "Oil vapor backstreaming occurs when inlet pressure exceeds 10 mbar, causing oil migration into vacuum chamber and contamination"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Inadequate gas ballast flow below 5% of pump displacement volume"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Integrate automatic gas ballast valve with 10-15% displacement capacity and moisture sensor feedback"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Continuous operation at 1.0e-1 bar (100 mbar) inlet pressure"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Install pressure-regulated bypass valve opening at 5.0e-2 bar with thermal cutout at 120°C bearing temperature"
bom_nodes:
  rotor:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:ROTOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  vanes:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:VANES"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  stator-housing:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:STATOR_HOUSING"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  inletexhaust-valves:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:INLETEXHAUST_VALVES"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  oil-reservoir:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:OIL_RESERVOIR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 5199:2015 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/primary-roughing-pump.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "6b64cbf4c01288c0c0e43430c6df184b18d55f4f7325cb3aecb901e08ab65269"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Primary (Roughing) Pump

## 1. Technical Definition
A vacuum pump used to initially evacuate a system from atmospheric pressure to an intermediate vacuum level.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **1.01325 bar to 1.0e-3 bar (atmospheric to 1 mbar)**. Failure boundary: **1.0e-2 bar (10 mbar) - oil backstreaming threshold for rotary vane pumps**, Mechanism: **Oil vapor backstreaming occurs when inlet pressure exceeds 10 mbar, causing oil migration into vacuum chamber and contamination**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Darcy-Weisbach Pressure Drop**:

> **Primary Equation**: $\Delta P = f \cdot \frac{L}{D} \cdot \frac{\rho v^2}{2}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Critical for sizing CIP (Clean-In-Place) pump heads.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| f | Friction Factor | Engineering Constant |
| L | Pipe Length | Engineering Constant |
| v | Velocity | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Inadequate gas ballast flow below 5% of pump displacement volume | 8 | Condensable vapor accumulation in pump oil | Integrate automatic gas ballast valve with 10-15% displacement capacity and moisture sensor feedback |
| Continuous operation at 1.0e-1 bar (100 mbar) inlet pressure | 8 | Thermal overload from high compression ratio (1000:1) | Install pressure-regulated bypass valve opening at 5.0e-2 bar with thermal cutout at 120°C bearing temperature |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | m³/h | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Vacuum Gauge**, **Vacuum Valve**, **Exhaust Filter**  
**Downstream Applications**: Semiconductor Wafers, Thin Film Coatings, Analytical Instruments  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What is the typical pressure range for a primary roughing pump?
**A**: Primary roughing pumps typically evacuate systems from atmospheric pressure (760 Torr) down to intermediate vacuum levels around 1-10 Torr, preparing systems for high-vacuum pumps.

### Q: Why are cast iron and stainless steel used in roughing pump construction?
**A**: Cast iron provides durability and vibration damping for the housing, while stainless steel offers corrosion resistance for components exposed to process gases, ensuring long service life in industrial environments.

### Q: How often should oil be changed in an oil-sealed roughing pump?
**A**: Oil changes depend on operating conditions, but typically every 3-6 months of continuous use or 2,000-3,000 operating hours. Regular oil maintenance prevents contamination and maintains optimal vacuum performance.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 5199:2015 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Primary (Roughing) Pump](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/primary-roughing-pump)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **5** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: PRIMARY_ROUGHING_PUMP | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: e4bcbd46
