---
title: "Refrigeration System"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:REFRIGERATION_SYSTEM"
  data_integrity_hash: "997b600b1c53859bb10d810c2054e3aa"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:REFRIGERATION_SYSTEM"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/refrigeration-system.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/refrigeration-system"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  primary_spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "1.5-3.0 MPa (15-30 bar) at -40°C to -60°C evaporator temperature"
    unit: "kW"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 4.2
    unit: "MPa"
    consequence: "Refrigerant R404A phase change failure due to insufficient subcooling (&lt;3K) causing flash gas formation in expansion valve, reducing cooling capacity by &gt;40%"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Oil migration from compressor to evaporator exceeding 8% mass fraction"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Oil separator with 99.7% efficiency and automatic oil return system with 0.5 L/min capacity"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Condenser fouling resistance exceeding 0.00035 m²·K/W"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Automated tube cleaning system with 2.5 mm diameter brushes operating at 0.3 m/s velocity"
bom_nodes:
  compressor:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:COMPRESSOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  condenser:
    type: "device"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CONDENSER"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  expansion_valve:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:EXPANSION_VALVE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  evaporator:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:EVAPORATOR"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 5149:2014 (REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS AND HEAT PUMPS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "ANSI/ASHRAE 15:2022 (SAFETY STANDARD FOR REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "EN 378:2016 (REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS AND HEAT PUMPS)"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/refrigeration-system.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "29b185e0f8f803dcc8367afe0a5da08d7cf6e26339092dd2b78047fb41d2b306"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Refrigeration System

## 1. Technical Definition
A system that provides controlled cooling to maintain low temperatures required for the lyophilization process in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **1.5-3.0 MPa (15-30 bar) at -40°C to -60°C evaporator temperature**. Failure boundary: **Compressor discharge pressure exceeding 4.2 MPa (42 bar) or evaporator temperature rising above -25°C for &gt;30 minutes**, Mechanism: **Refrigerant R404A phase change failure due to insufficient subcooling (&lt;3K) causing flash gas formation in expansion valve, reducing cooling capacity by &gt;40%**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **LMTD Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference**:

> **Primary Equation**: $Q = U \cdot A \cdot \Delta T_{lm}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Sizing validation for pasteurization and cooling tunnels.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| U | Heat Transfer Coeff | Engineering Constant |
| A | Area | Engineering Constant |
| \Delta T_{lm} | LMTD | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Oil migration from compressor to evaporator exceeding 8% mass fraction | 8 | Heat transfer coefficient degradation from 850 W/m²·K to &lt;300 W/m²·K | Oil separator with 99.7% efficiency and automatic oil return system with 0.5 L/min capacity |
| Condenser fouling resistance exceeding 0.00035 m²·K/W | 8 | Condensing temperature rise from 35°C to &gt;55°C, increasing compressor power by 25% | Automated tube cleaning system with 2.5 mm diameter brushes operating at 0.3 m/s velocity |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| primary_spec | Config-dependent | kW | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Compressor](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/compressor.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Condenser](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/chemical-manufacturing/product/condenser.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Expansion Valve](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/expansion-valve.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Evaporator](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/evaporator.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Lyophilizer (Freeze Dryer)**, **Clean-in-Place (CIP) System**, **Process Control System**  
**Downstream Applications**: Lyophilized Vaccines, Lyophilized Antibiotics, Lyophilized Biologics  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What temperature range does this refrigeration system maintain for lyophilization processes?
**A**: This system maintains precise low temperatures typically ranging from -50°C to -80°C, specifically designed for pharmaceutical lyophilization requirements.

### Q: Why are stainless steel components used in this refrigeration system?
**A**: Stainless steel components ensure corrosion resistance, meet pharmaceutical hygiene standards, and maintain system integrity in controlled manufacturing environments.

### Q: How does this system integrate with pharmaceutical freeze-drying equipment?
**A**: The system connects directly to lyophilization chambers through copper tubing, providing controlled cooling to maintain consistent vacuum and temperature conditions throughout the freeze-drying cycle.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 5149:2014 (REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS AND HEAT PUMPS)
- ANSI/ASHRAE 15:2022 (SAFETY STANDARD FOR REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS)
- EN 378:2016 (REFRIGERATING SYSTEMS AND HEAT PUMPS)

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Refrigeration System](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/refrigeration-system)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: REFRIGERATION_SYSTEM | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 237bb95c
