---
title: "Shell"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SHELL"
  data_integrity_hash: "dcab08a55a6c8d3f796952919ab2fc18"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:SHELL"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/shell.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/shell"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0-25 bar at 150°C"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 250
    unit: "MPa"
    consequence: "Plastic deformation due to hoop stress exceeding material yield strength, calculated by σ_h = (P * D) / (2 * t) where P=pressure, D=shell diameter, t=wall thickness"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Corrosion rate exceeding 0.5 mm/year due to chloride ion concentration &gt;200 ppm in shell-side fluid"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Install sacrificial anode system with zinc anodes spaced at 1.5 meter intervals along shell length"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Thermal cycling between 20°C and 150°C at frequency &gt;5 cycles/hour"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Implement expansion bellows with 50 mm axial movement capacity and stress-relieved circumferential welds"
bom_nodes:
  shell-wall:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SHELL_WALL"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  shell-flange:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SHELL_FLANGE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  nozzle-connection:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:NOZZLE_CONNECTION"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  support-saddle-lug:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:SUPPORT_SADDLE_LUG"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
  - standard: "ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
  - standard: "CE MARKING - CONFORMITé EUROPéENNE FOR PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE (PED) 2014/68/EU"
    scope: "Verified Engineering Specification"
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/shell.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "275aa20e4b61ba1b941ac5257c8de3fdb6c0b934391d9e35cd69126473b54b73"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Shell

## 1. Technical Definition
The outer pressure vessel of a heat exchanger that contains the tube bundle and directs the flow of the shell-side fluid.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0-25 bar at 150°C**. Failure boundary: **Yield strength of 250 MPa for carbon steel at 150°C, corresponding to 31.25 bar internal pressure**, Mechanism: **Plastic deformation due to hoop stress exceeding material yield strength, calculated by σ_h = (P * D) / (2 * t) where P=pressure, D=shell diameter, t=wall thickness**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Thin-Wall Pressure Vessel Stress Analysis**:

> **Primary Equation**: $\sigma_h = \frac{P \cdot D}{2t}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Determines the hoop stress boundary to prevent rupture.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| P | Internal Pressure | Engineering Constant |
| D | Diameter | Engineering Constant |
| t | Wall Thickness | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Corrosion rate exceeding 0.5 mm/year due to chloride ion concentration &gt;200 ppm in shell-side fluid | 8 | Wall thickness reduction below minimum required thickness of 6.35 mm, leading to catastrophic rupture | Install sacrificial anode system with zinc anodes spaced at 1.5 meter intervals along shell length |
| Thermal cycling between 20°C and 150°C at frequency &gt;5 cycles/hour | 8 | Fatigue crack initiation at weld joints due to differential thermal expansion coefficient mismatch of 12×10^-6/°C | Implement expansion bellows with 50 mm axial movement capacity and stress-relieved circumferential welds |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Tube Bundle Assembly Machine**, **Shell-Side Fluid Pump**, **Pressure Testing System**  
**Downstream Applications**: Chemical Processing Reactors, Power Plant Condensers, Refrigeration Systems  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What materials are available for heat exchanger shells?
**A**: Our heat exchanger shells are manufactured in carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel to meet various industrial requirements for corrosion resistance, pressure tolerance, and temperature ranges.

### Q: What are the main components of a heat exchanger shell?
**A**: Key components include the shell wall, shell flange, nozzle/connection points for fluid flow, and support saddles/lugs for structural stability in machinery installations.

### Q: How do heat exchanger shells direct fluid flow?
**A**: The shell design contains the tube bundle and directs the shell-side fluid through baffle arrangements to optimize heat transfer efficiency in industrial heat exchange systems.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance
- ISO 9001:2015 - QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- CE MARKING - CONFORMITé EUROPéENNE FOR PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE (PED) 2014/68/EU

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Shell](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/shell)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **4** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: SHELL | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 2591c98b
