---
title: "Steam Drum"
industry: "Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing"
verification_protocol:
  urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:STEAM_DRUM"
  data_integrity_hash: "53dc1aca8cc10561c6c6467427182728"
  source_authority: "https://cnfx.com"
  strict_mode: true
source_identity:
  provider: "CNFX Industrial Knowledge Graph"
  index_version: "2026.Q1-Universal"
  authority_id: "URN:CNFX:ME:STEAM_DRUM"
  data_source_uri: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/steam-drum.md"
  official_resource_url: "https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/steam-drum"
  is_verified_logic: true
attributes:
  spec:
    status: "config-dependent"
    typical_range: "0.5-15 MPa (5-150 bar) at 110-200°C"
    unit: "mm"
engineering_limits:
  max_safe_operating_point:
    value: 516
    unit: "Grade"
    consequence: "Thermal fatigue from cyclic stress exceeding 0.2% proof stress due to ΔT&gt;50°C/min thermal transients, causing crack initiation at stress concentrators (nozzle junctions, weld toes)"
fmea_matrix_quantitative:
  - node_1:
      trigger: "Feedwater chemistry deviation: pH&lt;9.0 with chloride&gt;0.2 ppm causing under-deposit corrosion"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Continuous online monitoring of cation conductivity&lt;0.2 μS/cm with automated chemical dosing maintaining pH 9.2-9.6"
  - node_2:
      trigger: "Water level control failure: LSHH/LSLL override causing dry firing or water carryover"
      severity: 8
      occurrence: 3
      detection: 4
      mitigation_protocol: "Triple-redundant differential pressure transmitters with 2oo3 voting logic and emergency feedwater injection at &lt;20% level"
bom_nodes:
  manhole:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:MANHOLE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  steam-outlet-nozzle:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:STEAM_OUTLET_NOZZLE"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  feedwater-inlet:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:FEEDWATER_INLET"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  downcomer-connections:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:DOWNCOMER_CONNECTIONS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  internal-separators:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:INTERNAL_SEPARATORS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  blowdown-connections:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:BLOWDOWN_CONNECTIONS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  chemical-injection-points:
    type: "component"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:CHEMICAL_INJECTION_POINTS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
  level-indicators:
    type: "part"
    urn: "URN:CNFX:ME:LEVEL_INDICATORS"
    interface_type: "physical-logic-coupled"
manufacturing_compliance:
url: "https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/steam-drum.md"
on_chain_sovereignty:
  contract_standard: "ERC-721-Industrial"
  metadata_hash: "3ad7ee6f7808d58c565ff74c2e62439915da33f8c13cfbb8a72d09eb3cbf6206"
  royalty_logic: "IPFS-CID-REQUIRED"
  mint_status: "logic-verified-ready"
version: "3.3.4-EXTREME-SOVEREIGN-WEB3"
---

# Industrial Specification: Steam Drum

## 1. Technical Definition
A pressure vessel in a waste heat boiler that separates steam from water and provides storage for feedwater.

## 2. Engineering Reasoning & Causal Matrix
> **Operational Intelligence**: Designed for **0.5-15 MPa (5-150 bar) at 110-200°C**. Failure boundary: **Yield strength of SA-516 Grade 70 carbon steel: 260 MPa at 150°C, with creep rupture threshold at 350°C for 100,000 hours**, Mechanism: **Thermal fatigue from cyclic stress exceeding 0.2% proof stress due to ΔT&gt;50°C/min thermal transients, causing crack initiation at stress concentrators (nozzle junctions, weld toes)**.

### 2.1 Analytical Physics Model
Governed by the **Thin-Wall Pressure Vessel Stress Analysis**:

> **Primary Equation**: $\sigma_h = \frac{P \cdot D}{2t}$  
> **Engineering Impact**: Determines the hoop stress boundary to prevent rupture.

| Symbol | Variable Definition | Localized Reference |
| :--- | :--- | :--- |
| P | Internal Pressure | Engineering Constant |
| D | Diameter | Engineering Constant |
| t | Wall Thickness | Engineering Constant |

### 2.2 FMEA (Failure Mode & Effects Analysis)
| Event Trigger | Severity | Failure Mode | Mitigation Strategy |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| Feedwater chemistry deviation: pH&lt;9.0 with chloride&gt;0.2 ppm causing under-deposit corrosion | 8 | Stress corrosion cracking at tube-to-drum welds, propagating at 0.1 mm/year in 300°C saturated steam | Continuous online monitoring of cation conductivity&lt;0.2 μS/cm with automated chemical dosing maintaining pH 9.2-9.6 |
| Water level control failure: LSHH/LSLL override causing dry firing or water carryover | 8 | Thermal shock exceeding 85°C/min temperature gradient, generating hoop stress&gt;150 MPa in drum shell | Triple-redundant differential pressure transmitters with 2oo3 voting logic and emergency feedwater injection at &lt;20% level |

## 3. Key Technical Parameters
| Parameter | Value | Unit | Status |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| spec | Config-dependent | mm | Verified |

## 4. System BOM & Knowledge Routing
### Core Components (Recursive Links)
- [Manhole](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/manhole.md) `(Standalone System)`
- [Level Indicators](https://cnfx.com/llms/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/level-indicators.md) `(Standalone System)`

### Industrial DNA Context (De-duplicated)
**Complementary Dependencies**: **Waste Heat Boiler**, **Feedwater Pump**, **Steam Turbine**  
**Downstream Applications**: Electricity, Process Steam, Cogenerated Heat  

## 5. Engineering Risks & FAQ
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 
- **Caution**: 

### Q: What is the primary function of a steam drum in a waste heat boiler?
**A**: The steam drum separates steam from water in the boiler system, provides storage for feedwater, and ensures dry steam output to prevent equipment damage.

### Q: What materials are commonly used in steam drum construction?
**A**: Steam drums are typically constructed from carbon steel or low alloy steel for the main vessel, with stainless steel used for internal components like separators to resist corrosion.

### Q: What key components are included in a steam drum's bill of materials?
**A**: Standard BOM includes manhole for access, steam outlet nozzle, feedwater inlet, downcomer connections, internal separators, blowdown connections, chemical injection points, and level indicators.

## 6. Manufacturing Compliance

---
### 🛠️ Engineering Resource Access
🔗 **[Full Specification: Steam Drum](https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/product/steam-drum)**

### 🌐 Knowledge Graph Topology
> **Node Status**: Verified Engineering Spec
> **Connectivity**: Linked to **8** standalone system nodes
> **Global Context**: Part of a 5,814 node industrial cluster within the CNFX Graph

> **Reference ID**: STEAM_DRUM | **Authority**: CNFX-2026-ST-001 | **Fingerprint**: 219ce723
