Strukturierte Komponentendaten · 2026

Thermal Trip Unit

A thermal trip unit is a protective device in circuit breakers that detects overload currents using a bimetallic strip, triggering disconnection to prevent equipment damage and fire hazards.

Technische Definition und Einsatzkontext
Ein typisches Thermal Trip Unit wird in Elektrogeräteherstellung nach Material, Toleranz, Montage- und Anwendungskompatibilität sowie Ausfallrisiko bewertet.

The thermal trip unit is an essential component within circuit breakers and main disconnect switches, designed to provide overload protection by responding to sustained excessive currents. It operates based on the thermal effect of current flow, where a calibrated bimetallic strip heats and bends when current exceeds the rated threshold for a predetermined time. This mechanical action releases the trip mechanism, opening the contacts to interrupt the circuit. Unlike magnetic trip units that respond to short circuits, thermal units protect against gradual overloads that could cause insulation degradation, overheating, or fire. They are characterized by an inverse time-current curve, meaning trip time decreases as overload severity increases. Modern versions may integrate with electronic trip units for enhanced coordination and monitoring.

Komponentenspezifikationen

Definition
The thermal trip unit is an essential component within circuit breakers and main disconnect switches, designed to provide overload protection by responding to sustained excessive currents. It operates based on the thermal effect of current flow, where a calibrated bimetallic strip heats and bends when current exceeds the rated threshold for a predetermined time. This mechanical action releases the trip mechanism, opening the contacts to interrupt the circuit. Unlike magnetic trip units that respond to short circuits, thermal units protect against gradual overloads that could cause insulation degradation, overheating, or fire. They are characterized by an inverse time-current curve, meaning trip time decreases as overload severity increases. Modern versions may integrate with electronic trip units for enhanced coordination and monitoring.
Funktionsprinzip
The thermal trip unit operates on the principle of thermal expansion. A bimetallic strip, composed of two metals with different coefficients of thermal expansion, is heated by the load current passing through it. Under normal conditions, the strip remains straight. During an overload, the increased current generates excess heat, causing the strip to bend due to unequal expansion of the metals. This bending actuates a latch or lever mechanism, which releases the spring-loaded contacts to open the circuit. The trip time depends on the magnitude of the overload, following an inverse-time characteristic: higher currents cause faster tripping. The unit resets automatically after cooling or via manual intervention, depending on the design.
Materialien
Bimetallic strip (typically nickel-iron or copper-steel alloys)insulating housing (thermoset plastics like phenolic or polyester)contact materials (silver alloy or copper-tungsten)springs (stainless steel or phosphor bronze)and calibration screws (brass or steel).
Trip Class
10, 20, 30 (e.g., Class 10 for motors)
Mounting Type
Fixed or plug-in
Rated Current
10A to 6300A
Mechanical Endurance
>10,000 operations
Calibration Tolerance
±10% to ±20%
Einsatztemperatur
-20°C to +70°C
Normen
ISO 8820DIN EN 60947-2IEC 60947-2

Branchentaxonomie & Aliasse

Gebräuchliche Handelsnamen, technische Kennungen und Suchbegriffe für Thermal Trip Unit.

Uebergeordnete Produkte

Diese Komponente wird in den folgenden Industrieprodukten eingesetzt.

FMEA · Fehleranalyse

Ursache → Fehlermodus → Engineering-Massnahme

Bimetallic strip contamination or corrosion->Reduced sensitivity, delayed or no trip->Use sealed housings, regular inspection, and replace per maintenance schedule
Mechanical wear in trip mechanism->Inconsistent tripping or failure to reset->Design with durable materials, lubricate moving parts, and conduct operational tests
Overheating from high ambient temperatures->Premature tripping below rated current->Select units with temperature compensation, ensure proper ventilation, and derate as needed

Industrielles Ökosystem und technische Bewertung

0
Failure to trip during overload leading to fire
1
Nuisance tripping from ambient temperature changes
2
Calibration drift over time
3
Material fatigue in bimetallic strip after repeated cycles

Konformität und Prüfung

tolerance
Trip current tolerance typically ±10% at reference temperature (e.g., 30°C), with time delays per trip class (e.g., Class 10 trips within 10 seconds at 600% current).
test method
Testing per IEC 60947-2: apply specified overload currents (e.g., 1.05 to 1.3 times rated current) and measure trip times; verify inverse-time characteristics and calibration stability across temperature ranges.

Hersteller für diese Komponente

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Technische Dokumentation
4/5
Fertigungsfähigkeit
4/5
Prüfbarkeit
5/5
Lieferantentransparenz
3/5

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Verwandte Komponenten

Haeufige Fragen

What is the difference between thermal and magnetic trip units?

Thermal trip units protect against overloads by responding to heat from sustained excessive currents, with an inverse time delay. Magnetic trip units protect against short circuits by responding to sudden high currents, tripping instantaneously. Many circuit breakers combine both in thermal-magnetic designs.

How do you calibrate a thermal trip unit?

Calibration involves adjusting the bimetallic strip tension or position using screws, based on testing at specific current levels and durations per standards like IEC 60947-2. It ensures the unit trips within the specified time-current curve. Factory calibration is typical; field adjustments require specialized tools.

Can thermal trip units be used in DC circuits?

Yes, but performance may vary. Thermal units rely on current-induced heating, which works for both AC and DC. However, calibration and trip characteristics might differ due to DC's constant current flow, so use models rated for DC applications.

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