Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC)

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC)

Definition

A Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) is a critical component within Timing Electronics systems. It precisely measures the time difference between a start signal (e.g., a laser pulse) and a stop signal (e.g., a photon detection event) and outputs this interval as a digital value. Its primary role is to provide high-resolution timing measurements, enabling applications like time-of-flight calculations, laser ranging (LiDAR), positron emission tomography (PET), and high-energy physics experiments. The TDC operates by using a high-frequency reference clock or a delay line. In a delay-line TDC, the start signal propagates through a chain of delay elements. The stop signal captures the state of these elements, and the position where the start signal has reached is encoded into a digital word, representing the measured time interval. Other architectures use vernier delay lines, time amplification, or interpolation between clock edges to achieve sub-gate-delay resolution. Typical parameters include a measurement range of 0–10 ns, a resolution of 10–50 ps, an accuracy of ±0.1 ns, a supply voltage of 3.3–5 V DC, power consumption of 10–100 mW, an operating temperature range of -40–85 °C, an input frequency of 0–100 MHz, and an output interface supporting SPI and I2C. The component is available in QFN-32 and TQFP-48 packages, with an operating humidity of 5–95% RH (non-condensing), an ingress protection rating of IP40–IP65 per IEC 60529, and a typical weight of 1–5 g. The primary material is silicon for integrated circuits. These values are directory reference ranges and must be verified for the specific model and application. Always confirm model-specific specifications and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier before procurement or use.

Working Principle

A TDC measures time intervals by using a high-frequency reference clock or a delay line. In a delay-line architecture, the start signal propagates through a chain of delay elements. When the stop signal arrives, it captures the state of these elements, and the position of the start signal is encoded into a digital word. This digital word represents the measured time interval. Other architectures use vernier delay lines, time amplification, or interpolation between clock edges to achieve sub-gate-delay resolution. The choice of architecture depends on the required resolution, range, and power consumption.

Common Materials

Silicon (for integrated circuits)

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Measurement Range	0–10 ns	Maximum time interval measurable
Resolution	10–50 ps	Smallest time difference detectable
Accuracy	±0.1 ns	Deviation from true time interval
Supply Voltage	3.3–5 V DC	Operating voltage range
Power Consumption	10–100 mW	Typical power dissipation
Operating Temperature	-40–85 °C	Ambient temperature range
Input Frequency	0–100 MHz	Maximum input signal frequency
Output Interface	SPI, I2C	Digital communication protocol
Package Type	QFN-32, TQFP-48	Surface mount package
Operating Humidity	5–95 % RH	Non-condensing
Ingress Protection	IP40–IP65	Protection against dust and waterIEC 60529
Weight	1–5 g	Typical component weight

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM

Delay Line
Creates a series of precise time delays for the start signal to propagate through.

Material: Integrated circuit elements (transistors, capacitors)
Capture Register (e.g., D Flip-Flops) Part
Latches the state of the delay line at the moment the stop signal arrives.

Material: Silicon
Encoder
Converts the parallel output of the capture register into a binary digital code representing the measured time.

Material: Silicon (logic gates)
Control Logic
Manages the start/stop signal handshake, reset, and data output sequencing.

Material: Silicon

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC).

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Timing Electronics

View system integration details

Manufacturers of Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC)

Manufacturer profiles associated with Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC).

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Compiled and source-reviewed by the CNFX editorial team. Each manufacturer above links to the page on that company's own website where the product is listed, with the date we checked it. How we source and review · Page last updated 16 September 2026

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical measurement range of a TDC?

The directory lists a measurement range of 0–10 ns. However, this is a reference range; actual ranges vary by model. Always check the datasheet for the specific TDC you are considering.

What resolution can a TDC achieve?

The directory lists a resolution of 10–50 ps. This indicates the smallest time difference detectable. Confirm the exact resolution for your model, as it depends on the architecture and operating conditions.

What are common output interfaces for TDCs?

The directory lists SPI and I2C as typical output interfaces. These digital protocols allow the TDC to communicate with microcontrollers or processors. Verify the interface compatibility with your system.

What is the operating temperature range for a TDC?

The directory lists an operating temperature range of -40–85 °C. This is a common industrial range, but always verify the specific model's temperature limits to ensure reliable operation in your environment.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification

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pressure:	Not applicable (electronic component, no fluid handling)
other spec:	Time resolution: 10 ps to 1 ns typical, Measurement range: 1 ns to 1 ms typical, Power supply: 1.8V to 5V DC, Clock frequency: up to 500 MHz
temperature:	-40°C to +85°C (industrial grade), -55°C to +125°C (military/aerospace)

Product Specifications

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Applied To / Applications

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