Reverse Osmosis Unit

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Reverse Osmosis Unit

Definition

A reverse osmosis unit is a component used in water treatment systems to purify water by applying pressure to overcome osmotic pressure. It forces water through a semi-permeable membrane, typically made of polyamide thin-film composite, which allows water molecules to pass while rejecting dissolved salts, organic molecules, and other impurities. The unit serves as the core purification stage in many industrial and commercial applications, producing purified water (permeate) and a concentrated waste stream (reject or brine). Key components include stainless steel pressure vessels, PVC or stainless steel piping, and high-pressure pumps. The unit's performance is characterized by parameters such as rated water production capacity (0.5–100 m³/h), recovery rate (50–85%), salt rejection rate (95–99.5%), operating pressure (1.0–1.6 MPa), maximum operating temperature (45°C), feed water pH range (2–11), maximum feed water turbidity (1.0 NTU), and maximum feed water SDI (5.0). Power supply is typically 380 V AC, 3-phase, 50/60 Hz (IEC 60038), with installed power ranging from 2.2 to 75 kW. Enclosure protection rating is IP54–IP65 (IEC 60529), and membrane housing and frame materials can be FRP, SS304, or SS316L (ASTM A240). Weight varies from 500 to 8000 kg. These values are reference ranges and must be confirmed for the specific model and application. Always verify model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier.

Working Principle

Water is pressurized above its osmotic pressure and forced through a semi-permeable membrane with pore sizes typically around 0.0001 microns. The membrane allows water molecules to pass through while rejecting dissolved ions, molecules, and larger particles. The process produces purified water (permeate) and concentrated waste stream (reject or brine). The driving force is the applied pressure, which must exceed the osmotic pressure of the feed water. The membrane's selectivity depends on its material and structure, typically a polyamide thin-film composite. The unit's efficiency is influenced by feed water quality, operating pressure, temperature, and recovery rate. Proper pretreatment is necessary to prevent membrane fouling, especially when turbidity or SDI exceeds recommended limits.

Common Materials

Polyamide thin-film composite membrane, Stainless steel pressure vessels, PVC or stainless steel piping, High-pressure pumps

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Rated Water Production Capacity	0.5–100 m³/h	Select based on feed water quality and required permeate flow.
Recovery Rate	50–85 %	Higher recovery increases concentrate concentration and scaling risk.
Salt Rejection Rate	95–99.5 %	Depends on membrane type and feed water characteristics.
Maximum Operating Temperature	45 °C	Exceeding may damage membrane and seals.
Feed Water pH Range	2–11 pH	Outside range may cause membrane hydrolysis or scaling.
Maximum Feed Water Turbidity	1.0 NTU	Higher turbidity requires pretreatment to prevent membrane fouling.
Maximum Feed Water SDI (15 min)	5.0 SDI	SDI above 5 indicates high fouling potential.
Power Supply	380 ±10% V AC, 3-phase, 50/60 Hz	Voltage deviation beyond ±10% may affect pump performance.IEC 60038
Installed Power	2.2–75 kW	Depends on capacity and feed pressure requirements.
Enclosure Protection Rating	IP54–IP65	Higher rating required for outdoor or washdown areas.IEC 60529
Membrane Housing Material	FRP/SS304/SS316L	SS316L for corrosive environments.ASTM A240
Frame Material	SS304/SS316L	SS316L for marine or chemical exposure.ASTM A240
Weight	500–8000 kg	Varies with capacity and materials.

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM

RO Membrane Elements
Semi-permeable membrane that separates purified water from contaminants

Material: Polyamide thin-film composite
Pressure Vessels
Houses and supports RO membrane elements under high pressure

Material: Fiberglass or stainless steel
High-Pressure Pump
Provides the pressure needed to overcome osmotic pressure

Material: Stainless steel
Pre-filters Part
Removes sediment and particles to protect RO membranes

Material: Polypropylene or activated carbon
Control Panel
Monitors and controls system operation parameters

Material: Plastic enclosure with electronic components

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Water Treatment System

View system integration details

Manufacturers of Reverse Osmosis Unit

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical operating pressure range for a reverse osmosis unit?

The typical operating pressure range is 1.0 to 1.6 MPa, as listed in the reference parameters. The actual pressure required depends on feed water quality and membrane type. Always confirm the specific pressure rating with the manufacturer for your application.

What is the maximum feed water turbidity allowed?

The maximum feed water turbidity is 1.0 NTU. Higher turbidity requires pretreatment to prevent membrane fouling. The maximum SDI (15 min) is 5.0. These values are reference limits; verify with the manufacturer for your specific feed water conditions.

What materials are used for the membrane housing and frame?

Membrane housing materials can be FRP, SS304, or SS316L, and frame materials can be SS304 or SS316L, per ASTM A240. SS316L is recommended for corrosive environments. The choice depends on the application and environmental conditions.

What is the salt rejection rate of the unit?

The salt rejection rate is typically 95% to 99.5%, depending on membrane type and feed water characteristics. This is a reference range; the actual performance depends on the specific membrane and operating conditions. Confirm with the manufacturer for your requirements.

Data Basis

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pH range:	2-11
pressure:	50-1000 psi (3.4-69 bar)
flow rate:	0.5-500 GPM (1.9-1893 L/min)
temperature:	4-45°C (39-113°F)
slurry concentration:	≤ 0.1% TSS (Total Suspended Solids)

Product Specifications

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