Filler/Diluent: pH Range 5.0-8.0, Particle Size 10-200 μm

Component Specifications

Definition

Filler/diluents are pharmacologically inactive excipients used in tablet formulation to provide adequate volume for compression, enhance powder flow during processing, and ensure uniform distribution of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They serve as bulking agents when API dosage is small, improving tablet weight consistency and mechanical strength while maintaining dissolution characteristics.

Working Principle

Filler/diluents function by occupying space in tablet formulations, creating a compressible matrix that binds APIs and other excipients. They absorb compression forces during tableting, distribute stress evenly, and provide structural integrity through particle bonding mechanisms (mechanical interlocking, plastic deformation, or solid bridges). Their particle size distribution and morphology influence flowability, segregation resistance, and compaction behavior.

Materials

Common materials include microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose monohydrate, dicalcium phosphate, mannitol, starch derivatives (pregelatinized starch), and calcium carbonate. Specifications typically cover particle size distribution (D10/D50/D90), bulk/tapped density, moisture content (<5%), compressibility index (<20%), and microbial limits (<1000 CFU/g).

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
PH Range	5.0-8.0
Bulk Density	0.3-0.8 g/cm³
Particle Size	10-200 μm
Loss On Drying	<2%
Moisture Content	<5%
Compressibility Index	<20%

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards

USP-NF, EP, JP

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Pharmaceutical Tablets

A pharmaceutical tablet is a solid dosage form produced by compressing a mixture of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients into a uniform shape and size.

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Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation

Segregation due to particle size mismatch
Moisture absorption affecting stability
Incompatibility with APIs causing degradation
Poor flow leading to weight variation

FMEA Triads

Trigger: Inadequate particle size distribution
Failure: Segregation during blending, resulting in content uniformity issues
Mitigation: Implement sieve analysis and optimize particle size matching with APIs

Trigger: High moisture content in hygroscopic fillers
Failure: Reduced tablet hardness and chemical instability
Mitigation: Control storage humidity and use moisture-barrier packaging

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance

Weight variation ±5% for tablets >250mg, content uniformity RSD ≤6%

Test Method

USP <1217> for powder flow, USP <701> for disintegration, HPLC for assay uniformity

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.

Inspection readiness

Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.

Supplier transparency

Check the legal entity, factory address, ownership, certifications, and direct contacts.

CNFX does not score or rank suppliers. Buyers must verify all claims and documents with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Manufacturers of Filler/Diluent

Manufacturer profiles associated with Filler/Diluent.

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Compiled and source-reviewed by the CNFX editorial team. Each manufacturer above links to the page on that company's own website where the product is listed, with the date we checked it. How we source and review

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between filler and diluent in tablets?

While often used interchangeably, fillers primarily add bulk to achieve practical tablet size, whereas diluents specifically reduce API concentration to ensure accurate dosing. Both serve overlapping functions in flow enhancement and compression.

How do filler properties affect tablet dissolution?

Hydrophilic fillers like lactose accelerate dissolution by promoting water penetration, while hydrophobic materials may slow it. Particle size and solubility also influence disintegration rates and bioavailability.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification

This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

Filler/Diluent