LED/Photodiode: Isolation Voltage 2500-5000 Vrms

Component Specifications

Definition

The LED/Photodiode component is a dual-function optoelectronic device where the LED (Light Emitting Diode) emits infrared or visible light when forward-biased, and the photodiode detects incoming light and generates a proportional photocurrent when reverse-biased. In industrial applications, these are typically paired within optocouplers or transformers to provide electrical isolation, signal transmission, or sensing without direct electrical contact.

Working Principle

The LED operates on electroluminescence, where electron-hole recombination in semiconductor materials emits photons. The photodiode works on the photovoltaic effect, where incident photons generate electron-hole pairs in the depletion region, creating a photocurrent proportional to light intensity. In isolation applications, the LED's light output is optically coupled to the photodiode, transmitting signals across an insulating barrier.

Materials

Semiconductor materials: Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) for infrared LEDs, Gallium Phosphide (GaP) for visible LEDs, Silicon (Si) or Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) for photodiodes. Encapsulation: Epoxy resin or silicone for optical coupling and protection. Lead frames: Copper alloy with nickel or gold plating.

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Wavelength	850-950 nm (infrared), 520-700 nm (visible)
Response Time	10-100 ns
Isolation Voltage	2500-5000 Vrms
Forward Voltage (LED)	1.2-2.2 V
Operating Temperature	-40°C to +85°C
Current Transfer Ratio (CTR)	20-600%
Reverse Voltage (Photodiode)	30-100 V

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards

ISO 9001, IEC 60747-5-2, JEDEC JESD22

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Optocoupler/Transformer

An electronic component that provides electrical isolation and signal transmission between circuits using light or magnetic coupling.

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Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation

Thermal degradation from excessive current
Optical coupling degradation due to contamination
ESD damage during handling
CTR drift over time

FMEA Triads

Trigger: Overcurrent in LED
Failure: LED burnout, reduced light output
Mitigation: Implement current limiting circuits, use thermal management, select components with appropriate power ratings

Trigger: Contamination on optical surfaces
Failure: Reduced CTR, signal loss
Mitigation: Clean room assembly, hermetic sealing, regular maintenance inspections

Trigger: ESD during installation
Failure: Catastrophic photodiode damage
Mitigation: ESD-protected workstations, proper handling procedures, ESD-rated packaging

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance

±10% for CTR, ±5 nm for wavelength, ±5% for forward voltage

Test Method

IEC 60747-5-2 for optocouplers, JEDEC standards for reliability testing, in-circuit testing for functional verification

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.

Inspection readiness

Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.

Supplier transparency

Check the legal entity, factory address, ownership, certifications, and direct contacts.

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Manufacturers of LED/Photodiode

Manufacturer profiles associated with LED/Photodiode.

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Compiled and source-reviewed by the CNFX editorial team. Each manufacturer above links to the page on that company's own website where the product is listed, with the date we checked it. How we source and review

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between LED and photodiode in this component?

The LED emits light when electrically activated, while the photodiode detects light and converts it to electrical current. They work together to transmit signals optically across an isolation barrier.

Why use LED/Photodiode in industrial applications?

They provide galvanic isolation, preventing electrical noise, ground loops, and high-voltage transients from damaging sensitive circuits, while enabling safe signal transmission in harsh environments.

How to test LED/Photodiode performance?

Test forward voltage and luminous intensity for LED, dark current and responsivity for photodiode, and Current Transfer Ratio (CTR) for the paired system using specialized optoelectronic test equipment.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification

This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

LED/Photodiode