Photosensitive diode: Spectral Range 400-1100 nm (Si)

Component Specifications

Definition

A photosensitive diode is a specialized semiconductor component designed to detect and measure light intensity by generating an electrical current proportional to incident photon flux. It operates in reverse bias mode to achieve optimal sensitivity and response time, featuring a PN junction optimized for specific wavelength ranges from ultraviolet to near-infrared. These components are engineered with anti-reflective coatings and precise doping profiles to maximize quantum efficiency while minimizing dark current and noise characteristics.

Working Principle

Operates on the photoelectric effect where incident photons with sufficient energy create electron-hole pairs in the semiconductor depletion region. When reverse-biased, these charge carriers are swept by the electric field, generating a photocurrent proportional to light intensity. The spectral response is determined by the semiconductor bandgap energy, with silicon diodes typically covering 400-1100 nm wavelengths.

Materials

Silicon (Si) for visible/NIR range, Germanium (Ge) for infrared, Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) for high-speed applications, Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) for extended infrared. Package materials include ceramic, metal-glass, or plastic encapsulation with optical windows.

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Rise Time	1-100 ns
Active Area	0.1-100 mm²
Capacitance	1-100 pF
Dark Current	1-100 nA @ 10V reverse bias
Responsivity	0.5-0.7 A/W @ 900 nm
Spectral Range	400-1100 nm (Si)
Reverse Voltage	10-100 V
Operating Temperature	-40°C to +85°C

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards

ISO 9022-20, IEC 60747-5, JEDEC JESD22

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Photodetector/sensor

A light-sensitive electronic component that detects and converts optical signals into electrical signals.

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Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation

Saturation from excessive light intensity
Thermal runaway at high reverse bias
Wavelength mismatch causing measurement errors
ESD damage during handling
Optical window contamination

FMEA Triads

Trigger: Exposure to light intensities beyond specified maximum
Failure: Saturation and nonlinear response, potential permanent damage to PN junction
Mitigation: Implement optical attenuators, automatic gain control circuits, and intensity monitoring systems

Trigger: Improper ESD protection during installation
Failure: Catastrophic junction breakdown, increased leakage current
Mitigation: ESD-safe handling procedures, integrated protection diodes, proper grounding protocols

Trigger: Spectral mismatch between light source and diode response
Failure: Measurement inaccuracies, reduced signal-to-noise ratio
Mitigation: Precise spectral characterization, matched filter selection, calibration with reference standards

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance

±5% responsivity variation across production batch, ±2nm spectral response shift

Test Method

IEC 60747-5 for photoelectric parameters, MIL-STD-883 for environmental testing, ISO 9022 for optical performance under varying conditions

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

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Inspection readiness

Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.

Supplier transparency

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Manufacturers of Photosensitive diode

Manufacturer profiles associated with Photosensitive diode.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between photovoltaic and photoconductive modes?

In photovoltaic mode (zero bias), the diode generates voltage from light. In photoconductive mode (reverse bias), it produces current with faster response and linear output but requires external power.

How does temperature affect photosensitive diode performance?

Temperature increases dark current exponentially (doubling every 10°C) and slightly shifts spectral response. Industrial applications require temperature compensation circuits or thermoelectric cooling for precision measurements.

What are the main noise sources in industrial photodiodes?

Shot noise from photon statistics, Johnson noise from shunt resistance, and 1/f noise at low frequencies. Proper shielding, filtering, and low-noise amplifiers are essential for signal integrity.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification

This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

Photosensitive diode