Editorial Technical Reference

Wave Spring

This page explains how Wave Spring is classified within Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A wave spring is a compact, load-bearing spring made of flat wire formed into wavy coils, providing high force in limited axial space.

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Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Wave Spring

Definition

Wave springs are used in applications where space is constrained, such as automotive transmissions, aerospace actuators, medical devices, and valve assemblies. They are specified by their outer diameter, inner diameter, free length, number of waves, and material. Grades differ by material (e.g., carbon steel, stainless steel, superalloys), precision (e.g., DIN 2098 for precision springs), and surface treatment (e.g., phosphate, passivation). They offer reduced solid height compared to conventional coil springs, making them ideal for compact designs.

Working Principle

Wave springs operate by converting axial load into radial deflection of the wavy coils. The waves act as multiple beams that bend under load, providing a spring rate that is a function of the wave height, material modulus, and cross-section. The flat wire design allows for a lower solid height and more efficient use of space compared to round wire springs.

Common Materials

Carbon steel (e.g., 65Mn, 60Si2MnA), Stainless steel (e.g., 301, 302, 304, 316), Alloy steel (e.g., 17-7PH, Inconel X-750), Beryllium copper (e.g., C17200)

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Wire Diameter	0.2–5.0 mm	Thickness of the flat wire used.
Outer Diameter	5–300 mm	Maximum diameter of the spring.
Inner Diameter	3–280 mm	Minimum diameter of the spring.
Free Length	1–50 mm	Unloaded axial length.
Number of Waves	3–10 count	Number of waves per turn.
Spring Rate	0.5–500 N/mm	Force per unit deflection.
Maximum Deflection	15–40% of free length %	Allowable deflection before solid height.
Operating Temperature	-40 to 250 °C	Depends on material; stainless up to 300°C.
Surface Finish	Phosphate, passivation, or oiled	Corrosion protection.
Dimensional Tolerance	±0.05 mm	Precision grade tolerance.DIN 2098
Load Tolerance	±10% %	Allowed deviation from specified load.DIN 2095
Fatigue Life	10^6 cycles typical cycles	For dynamic applications.

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Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Wave Spring.

Published Manufacturer Relationships

Source-reviewed profile relationships currently associated with Wave Spring

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Data Basis

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Preliminary Technical Classification

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