Editorial Technical Reference

Compression Spring

This page explains how Compression Spring is classified within Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A compression spring is a helical coil designed to resist axial compressive forces and store mechanical energy, commonly used in automotive, industrial, and consumer applications.

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Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Compression Spring

Definition

Compression springs are open-coil helical springs that provide resistance to compressive loads and are widely used in valves, suspensions, switches, and industrial machinery. They are specified by wire diameter, outer diameter, free length, spring rate, and material grade. Grades are distinguished by material (e.g., music wire, stainless steel, chrome silicon), operating temperature range, and fatigue life. High-grade springs are precision-ground and shot-peened for enhanced durability.

Working Principle

When a compressive force is applied along the spring's axis, the coil pitch decreases, storing potential energy in the elastic deformation of the wire. The spring exerts an opposing force proportional to the displacement (Hooke's law), returning to its original length when the load is removed. The spring rate (k) is determined by the wire diameter, coil diameter, number of active coils, and material shear modulus.

Common Materials

ASTM A228 Music Wire, ASTM A313 Stainless Steel 302/304, ASTM A401 Chrome Silicon Steel, EN 10270-1 Patented Cold Drawn Wire, GB/T 4357 Carbon Steel Wire

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Wire Diameter	0.1–12 mm	Range for standard compression springs; custom sizes available.ISO 10243
Outer Diameter	1.0–100 mm	Typical range; larger diameters on request.ISO 10243
Free Length	2–500 mm	Unloaded length; tolerances per ISO 10243.ISO 10243
Spring Rate	0.1–500 N/mm	Force per unit deflection; depends on geometry and material.ISO 10243
Maximum Deflection	50–80% of free length %	Typical safe deflection; solid height must be considered.
Operating Temperature Range	-40 to 250 °C	Depends on material; stainless up to 250°C, music wire up to 120°C.
Surface Finish	Shot-peened, ground, or plain	Shot-peening improves fatigue life; grinding ends for squareness.DIN 2095
End Type	Closed & ground, closed, plain	Closed & ground is common for precision applications.DIN 2095
Tensile Strength	1200–2200 MPa	Varies with wire diameter and material grade.EN 10270-1
Fatigue Life	10^6–10^7 cycles cycles	For dynamic applications; depends on stress and surface treatment.
Tolerance Class	Grade 1, 2, 3	Grade 1 is finest; typical for precision springs.DIN 2095
Solid Height	0.8–0.9 × free length mm	Height when coils are fully compressed; must be less than free length.

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Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Compression Spring.

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