Strukturierte Komponentendaten · 2026

Spline

A spline is a mechanical component with ridges or teeth on a shaft that mesh with grooves in a mating piece to transmit torque while allowing axial movement.

Technische Definition und Einsatzkontext
Ein typisches Spline wird in Maschinen- und Anlagenbau nach Material, Toleranz, Montage- und Anwendungskompatibilität sowie Ausfallrisiko bewertet.

A spline is a precision-engineered mechanical element featuring a series of parallel ridges (teeth) machined along the length of a shaft or bore. These teeth engage with corresponding grooves in a mating hub or sleeve to create a positive, non-slip connection for transmitting rotational torque. Unlike keyways, splines provide a multi-tooth contact surface, distributing the load more evenly, which allows for higher torque capacity, reduced stress concentration, and the ability to accommodate axial movement (sliding) between the connected parts. They are critical in applications requiring precise angular alignment and reliable power transfer under dynamic conditions.

Komponentenspezifikationen

Definition
A spline is a precision-engineered mechanical element featuring a series of parallel ridges (teeth) machined along the length of a shaft or bore. These teeth engage with corresponding grooves in a mating hub or sleeve to create a positive, non-slip connection for transmitting rotational torque. Unlike keyways, splines provide a multi-tooth contact surface, distributing the load more evenly, which allows for higher torque capacity, reduced stress concentration, and the ability to accommodate axial movement (sliding) between the connected parts. They are critical in applications requiring precise angular alignment and reliable power transfer under dynamic conditions.
Funktionsprinzip
Splines operate on the principle of positive mechanical engagement. The external teeth of the shaft interlock with the internal teeth of the mating component. This interlocking creates a form-fit connection that prevents relative rotation, thereby transmitting torque from the driving to the driven element. The multiple teeth in contact distribute the transmitted force across a larger surface area compared to a single key, reducing shear stress and wear. The design often allows for axial sliding motion along the engaged length, enabling functions like gear shifting in transmissions or adjustable positioning in couplings.
Materialien
Typically manufactured from high-strength alloy steels (e.g.AISI 414043408620) for durability and fatigue resistance. Surface treatments like carburizingnitridingor induction hardening are commonly applied to enhance surface hardness and wear resistance while maintaining a tough core. Corrosion-resistant steels (e.g.stainless grades like 17-4PH) or non-ferrous metals (e.g.aluminum alloys) may be used in specializedlightweightor corrosive environments.
Type
Involute, Straight-sided, Serrated
Fit Class
Class 4 (Close), Class 5 (Medium), Class 6 (Free)
Module/Pitch
Defines tooth size (e.g., Module 1, 1.5, 2)
Traglast
30°, 37.5°, 45°
Number of Teeth
6, 10, 24, 32, etc.
Surface Hardness
58-62 HRC typical for hardened teeth
Tensile Strength
≥ 1000 MPa for alloy steels
Normen
ISO 4156DIN 5480ANSI B92.1

Branchentaxonomie & Aliasse

Gebräuchliche Handelsnamen, technische Kennungen und Suchbegriffe für Spline.

Uebergeordnete Produkte

Diese Komponente wird in den folgenden Industrieprodukten eingesetzt.

FMEA · Fehleranalyse

Ursache → Fehlermodus → Engineering-Massnahme

Inadequate lubrication or contamination->Accelerated wear, scoring, or galling of tooth surfaces->Implement regular lubrication schedules with appropriate grease/oil; use seals or shields to prevent contaminant ingress; specify surface treatments for wear resistance.
Over-torque or shock loading beyond design limits->Tooth shear, bending fatigue, or permanent deformation->Design with adequate safety factor; use torque limiters or overload protection devices; select materials with high yield and fatigue strength.
Misalignment during assembly or operation->Edge loading, uneven wear, and premature fatigue cracking->Ensure precise machining and alignment during installation; use self-aligning couplings or flexible spline designs; perform regular alignment checks.

Industrielles Ökosystem und technische Bewertung

0
Tooth wear and fatigue failure due to cyclic loading
1
Misalignment causing uneven load distribution and premature failure
2
Insufficient lubrication leading to galling or seizing
3
Corrosion in harsh environments degrading tooth profile
4
Improper fit causing backlash, vibration, or fretting

Konformität und Prüfung

tolerance
Governed by standards like ISO 4156 and DIN 5480, specifying tolerances for tooth size, profile, and spacing. Typical tooth-to-tooth composite error tolerance ranges from 0.025mm to 0.1mm depending on class.
test method
Testing includes dimensional inspection using spline gauges or CMMs, hardness testing (Rockwell C), surface finish measurement, and functional testing under load to verify torque capacity and wear characteristics. Non-destructive testing (e.g., magnetic particle inspection) may check for cracks.

Hersteller für diese Komponente

Relevante Herstellerprofile aus der CNFX-Komponentenfähigkeitstabelle.

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Beispielhafte Bewertungskriterien aus Einkaufsprozessen

Keine Kundenbewertung und keine Echtzeitdaten. Die Werte zeigen typische Prüfkriterien in RFQ- und Lieferantenbewertungsprozessen.

Technische Dokumentation
4/5
Fertigungsfähigkeit
4/5
Prüfbarkeit
5/5
Lieferantentransparenz
3/5

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Verwandte Komponenten

Haeufige Fragen

What is the difference between a spline and a keyway?

A keyway uses a single key in a slot to transmit torque, creating high stress concentration. A spline uses multiple teeth around the circumference, distributing load evenly, allowing higher torque capacity, better alignment, and often permitting axial sliding movement.

What are the main types of splines?

The three primary types are: 1) Involute Splines: Most common, with curved tooth profiles for smooth engagement and high strength. 2) Straight-sided Splines: Simpler profile, easier to manufacture. 3) Serrated Splines: Triangular teeth, often used for lighter loads or indexing.

How is the fit class for a spline determined?

Fit class (e.g., Class 4, 5, 6 per ISO/DIN standards) defines the tolerance between mating teeth. It is selected based on application requirements: closer fits (Class 4) for precise alignment and minimal backlash; looser fits (Class 6) for easier assembly and accommodation of axial movement.

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CNFX Industrial Component Index · Maschinen- und Anlagenbau

Datenbasis

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Vorläufige technische Einordnung
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Fertigung für Spline?

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Vorherige Komponente
花岗岩底座
Naechste Komponente
花键或键槽
URN:CNFX:ME:UNIT:SPLINE