Chloride ions: pH Range 3.5-5.0, Density 1.19-1.33 g/cm³

Q: What is the primary function of chloride ions in PAC coagulants?

Chloride ions stabilize aluminum hydroxide polymers and enhance charge neutralization of colloidal particles in water treatment processes.

Q: How do chloride ions affect coagulation efficiency?

They maintain optimal positive charge density on PAC molecules, improving colloidal destabilization and floc formation rates.

Q: What are typical chloride ion concentrations in industrial PAC?

Commercial PAC products contain 30-45% chloride ions by weight, depending on basicity and manufacturing process.

Component Specifications

Definition

Chloride ions (Cl⁻) are anionic components derived from chlorine that function as charge-neutralizing agents in polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulants. In industrial-grade PAC formulations, chloride ions help stabilize aluminum hydroxide polymers, enhance coagulation efficiency through charge neutralization of colloidal particles, and improve floc formation in water treatment processes. Their concentration typically ranges from 30-45% in commercial PAC products.

Working Principle

Chloride ions work through electrostatic charge neutralization in water treatment. When PAC is added to water, chloride ions help maintain the positive charge density on aluminum hydroxide polymers. These positively charged polymers attract and neutralize negatively charged colloidal particles (like clay, organic matter, and microorganisms) through charge neutralization, causing destabilization and subsequent aggregation into larger flocs that can be removed by sedimentation or filtration.

Materials

Industrial-grade chloride ions in PAC coagulants are typically derived from hydrochloric acid (HCl) or aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) sources. The chloride content must meet purity standards with minimal impurities like heavy metals (As < 0.0005%, Pb < 0.002%) and sulfate ions (SO₄²⁻ < 3.0%).

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Density	1.19-1.33 g/cm³
Basicity	40-90%
PH Range	3.5-5.0
Solubility	Fully soluble in water
Chemical Formula	Cl⁻
Molecular Weight	35.45 g/mol
Al₂O₃ Content	28-31%
Concentration In PAC	30-45%

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards

ISO 9001, ISO 14001, DIN 19603, AWWA B408

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Industrial Grade Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is an inorganic polymer coagulant manufactured through controlled hydrolysis of aluminum salts.

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Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation

Corrosion of metal equipment at high concentrations
Environmental toxicity if discharged untreated
Reduced coagulation efficiency at improper pH levels
Handling hazards due to acidic nature

FMEA Triads

Trigger: Insufficient chloride ion concentration
Failure: Reduced charge neutralization capacity leading to poor floc formation
Mitigation: Regular quality control testing and maintaining optimal PAC dosage

Trigger: High chloride levels in treated water
Failure: Corrosion of downstream equipment and pipes
Mitigation: Implement proper dosing controls and post-treatment monitoring

Trigger: Impurities in chloride sources
Failure: Contamination of treated water and reduced coagulation efficiency
Mitigation: Source high-purity raw materials and implement filtration systems

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance

±2% chloride ion concentration variation from specified values

Test Method

Potentiometric titration with silver nitrate (AgNO₃) per ASTM D512 and ISO 9297 standards

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

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Inspection readiness

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Manufacturers of Chloride ions

Manufacturer profiles associated with Chloride ions.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary function of chloride ions in PAC coagulants?