Ceramic Dielectric: Frequency Range 1 MHz to 10 GHz

Component Specifications

Definition

A ceramic dielectric is an insulating material composed of ceramic compounds (typically barium titanate, titanium dioxide, or other metal oxides) that exhibits high dielectric constant and low electrical conductivity. In high-frequency ceramic capacitors, it serves as the medium between conductive electrodes, enabling energy storage through electric field polarization while maintaining stability across temperature and frequency ranges.

Working Principle

Works through dielectric polarization, where an applied electric field causes displacement of bound charges within the ceramic material, creating an internal electric field that opposes the external field. This polarization stores electrostatic energy. In high-frequency applications, the dielectric's low loss tangent and stable permittivity minimize energy dissipation and maintain capacitance consistency.

Materials

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) based ceramics, doped with rare earth elements (e.g., neodymium, samarium) or transition metals (e.g., manganese, nickel) to enhance properties. May include additives like silica or alumina for sintering control. Formulations vary for Class I (stable, low-loss) or Class II (high-capacitance) dielectrics.

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Frequency Range	1 MHz to 10 GHz
Breakdown Voltage	50-500 V/μm
Dissipation Factor	<0.001 to 0.02
Dielectric Constant	100-10,000
Insulation Resistance	>10^10 Ω
Temperature Coefficient	±15 ppm/°C to -7500 ppm/°C

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards

IEC 60384, MIL-PRF-123, EIA RS-198

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

High-Frequency Ceramic Capacitor

Miniaturized capacitor using ceramic dielectric for high-frequency electronic circuits

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Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation

Micro-cracking during thermal cycling
Dielectric aging (capacitance drift over time)
Voltage coefficient effects (capacitance reduction under DC bias)
Moisture absorption leading to insulation failure

FMEA Triads

Trigger: Inhomogeneous ceramic sintering
Failure: Reduced dielectric strength, leading to short circuits
Mitigation: Implement controlled atmosphere firing and quality checks via X-ray diffraction

Trigger: Electrode-dielectric interface defects
Failure: Increased ESR and power loss
Mitigation: Use sputtered or plated electrodes with adhesion layers, and perform electrical testing

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance

Capacitance tolerance ±1% to ±20% per EIA standards, depending on dielectric class

Test Method

IEC 60384-1 for capacitance, dissipation factor, and insulation resistance; thermal shock testing per MIL-STD-202

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.

Inspection readiness

Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.

Supplier transparency

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Manufacturers of Ceramic Dielectric

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between Class I and Class II ceramic dielectrics?

Class I dielectrics (e.g., NP0/C0G) offer high stability, low loss, and minimal capacitance change with temperature/voltage, ideal for resonant circuits. Class II dielectrics (e.g., X7R, Y5V) provide higher capacitance but less stability, suitable for bypass and coupling applications.

How does ceramic dielectric affect capacitor performance at high frequencies?

At high frequencies, ceramic dielectrics with low dissipation factor reduce energy loss, while stable permittivity prevents capacitance drop. Parasitic effects like equivalent series resistance (ESR) are minimized through material purity and electrode design.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification

This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

Ceramic Dielectric