Spiral Spring (Hairspring): Outer Diameter 5-30 mm

Component Specifications

Definition

A spiral spring, commonly known as a hairspring in horology and precision instruments, is a thin, coiled spring made from specialized alloys. It functions as the restoring element in moving coil mechanisms, converting rotational displacement into linear torque while maintaining precise oscillation characteristics. This component is critical for regulating motion, storing mechanical energy, and ensuring consistent performance in devices like galvanometers, analog meters, and certain timing mechanisms.

Working Principle

The spiral spring operates on Hooke's law, where torque is proportional to the angular displacement. When the moving coil rotates, the spring winds or unwinds, storing potential energy. The spring's restoring force returns the coil to its neutral position, creating a balanced oscillation. Its spiral geometry provides a linear torque-angle relationship over a specific range, ensuring predictable mechanical behavior.

Materials

Typically made from high-elasticity alloys such as beryllium copper, phosphor bronze, or nickel-based alloys (e.g., Nivarox). Materials are selected for low hysteresis, temperature stability, corrosion resistance, and fatigue strength. Thickness ranges from 0.02mm to 0.1mm, with precise heat treatment to optimize elastic properties.

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Thickness	0.02-0.1 mm
Fatigue Life	>10^7 cycles
Outer Diameter	5-30 mm
Number Of Turns	5-15
Torque Constant	0.5-5 μN·m/degree
Operating Temperature	-40°C to +85°C

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards

ISO 4965, DIN 17223

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Moving coil mechanism

A precision electromechanical component that converts electrical current into rotational motion through electromagnetic interaction.

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Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation

Fatigue failure from cyclic loading
Corrosion in harsh environments
Temperature sensitivity affecting torque
Mechanical deformation during installation

FMEA Triads

Trigger: Material fatigue from continuous oscillation
Failure: Spring fracture or permanent deformation
Mitigation: Use fatigue-resistant alloys, implement stress relief designs, and maintain within specified torque limits

Trigger: Improper handling during assembly
Failure: Spring deformation or kinking
Mitigation: Use specialized tools for installation, follow ESD protocols, and implement visual inspection procedures

Trigger: Environmental contamination
Failure: Reduced performance due to dust or oil accumulation
Mitigation: Implement clean room assembly, use protective coatings, and ensure proper sealing of mechanisms

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance

±2% torque constant, ±0.01mm dimensional tolerance

Test Method

Torque-angle measurement using calibrated testers, fatigue testing per ISO 4965, material verification via spectroscopy

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.

Inspection readiness

Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.

Supplier transparency

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Manufacturers of Spiral Spring (Hairspring)

Manufacturer profiles associated with Spiral Spring (Hairspring).

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Compiled and source-reviewed by the CNFX editorial team. Each manufacturer above links to the page on that company's own website where the product is listed, with the date we checked it. How we source and review

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a spiral spring and a regular coil spring?

Spiral springs are flat and wound in a spiral plane, providing torque through angular displacement, while coil springs are helical and provide linear force through compression/extension.

Why are special alloys used for hairsprings?

Special alloys like beryllium copper offer excellent elasticity, low thermal expansion, and minimal hysteresis - essential for maintaining precision in measuring instruments.

How does the spiral spring affect instrument accuracy?

The spring's consistent torque characteristics directly determine the linearity and repeatability of moving coil mechanisms, making it critical for measurement accuracy.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification

This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

Spiral Spring (Hairspring)