D-Type Flip-Flops for PFDs - Specifications and Parameters

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for D-Type Flip-Flops

Definition

D-Type Flip-Flops are fundamental digital logic components within Phase-Frequency Detectors (PFDs) that store binary state information. In PFD applications, they function as state memory elements that capture the phase relationship between reference and feedback signals, enabling the generation of UP/DOWN control pulses for phase-locked loops (PLLs). These flip-flops are typically implemented in CMOS technology, with silicon as the primary substrate material. They operate over a supply voltage range of 2.0 to 6.0 V, which is standard for CMOS logic. Propagation delay is typically 10 to 30 ns at a 5 V supply, and the maximum clock frequency ranges from 100 to 200 MHz depending on the logic family and load. The operating temperature range for industrial grade is -40 to 85 °C, referenced to IEC 60747. Input high voltage is specified as 0.7×VCC minimum, and input low voltage as 0.3×VCC maximum. Output high voltage is VCC-0.1 V, and output low voltage is 0.1 V, both at specified load currents. Input leakage current is ±1 µA at rated voltage. Power dissipation is 10 to 50 mW at 5 V and 10 MHz typical. The standard package is SOP-14, referenced to JEDEC MS-012. ESD tolerance is 2000 V, human body model, per IEC 61000-4-2. These values are directory reference ranges and must be confirmed for the specific model and application. The product is a component used in electronic manufacturing, and its suitability for a given PLL design depends on the actual parameters and compliance with relevant standards. Buyers should verify model-specific specifications and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier before procurement.

Working Principle

D-Type Flip-Flops operate by sampling the data input (D) at the rising or falling edge of a clock signal, then storing and outputting that value until the next clock edge. In PFD circuits, multiple flip-flops are arranged to detect which input signal leads in phase, creating proportional control signals for frequency correction. The flip-flop's output changes only on clock edges, providing a stable state that represents the phase difference. This allows the PFD to generate UP or DOWN pulses that drive a charge pump, adjusting the VCO frequency to achieve phase lock. The timing parameters, such as setup and hold times, are critical for reliable operation, and the maximum clock frequency determines the speed at which phase comparisons can be made.

Common Materials

Silicon

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Supply Voltage	2.0–6.0 V	Operating range for standard CMOS logic
Propagation Delay	10–30 ns	At 5V supply, typical values
Maximum Clock Frequency	100–200 MHz	Depends on logic family and load
Operating Temperature Range	-40–85 °C	Industrial gradeIEC 60747
Input High Voltage	0.7×VCC V	Minimum high-level input voltage
Input Low Voltage	0.3×VCC V	Maximum low-level input voltage
Output High Voltage	VCC-0.1 V	At specified load current
Output Low Voltage	0.1 V	At specified load current
Input Leakage Current	±1 µA	At rated voltage
Power Dissipation	10–50 mW	At 5V, 10MHz typical
Package Type	SOP-14	Standard dual-in-lineJEDEC MS-012
ESD Tolerance	2000 V	Human body modelIEC 61000-4-2

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM

Data Input (D) Part
Receives the binary data to be stored

Material: silicon
Clock Input (CLK) Part
Triggers data capture on edge transitions

Material: silicon
Output (Q) Part
Provides stored data value

Material: silicon
Complementary Output (Q̅) Part
Provides inverted stored data value

Material: silicon

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Phase-Frequency Detector (PFD)

View system integration details

Phase Detector / Phase Frequency Detector (PFD)

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the typical supply voltage range for D-Type Flip-Flops?

The directory lists a supply voltage range of 2.0 to 6.0 V for standard CMOS logic. This is a reference range; the actual operating range for a specific model should be confirmed with the manufacturer.

How do D-Type Flip-Flops function in a phase-frequency detector?

In a PFD, D-Type Flip-Flops sample the reference and feedback signals at clock edges. They store the phase relationship and generate UP/DOWN pulses that indicate which signal leads or lags, enabling the PLL to correct frequency and phase.

What is the maximum clock frequency for these flip-flops?

The directory lists a maximum clock frequency of 100 to 200 MHz, depending on the logic family and load. This is a typical range; the exact value for a specific part must be verified with the manufacturer.

What standards are referenced for these components?

The directory references IEC 60747 for operating temperature range, JEDEC MS-012 for package type, and IEC 61000-4-2 for ESD tolerance. These are procurement references and do not imply certification; verify compliance with the manufacturer.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification

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pressure:	N/A (solid-state electronic component)
other spec:	Clock frequency: 0-500 MHz, Supply voltage: 1.8V-5.5V, Propagation delay: <10 ns
temperature:	-40°C to +125°C (industrial grade)

D-Type Flip-Flops

Product Specifications

Applied To / Applications

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards