Piezoelectric Crystal: Voltage Range 5V to 200V

Component Specifications

Definition

A piezoelectric crystal is a specialized material that exhibits the piezoelectric effect, where mechanical deformation generates an electrical charge, and conversely, an applied electric field causes mechanical deformation. These crystals are typically made from materials like quartz, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), or lithium niobate, and are engineered to precise dimensions and orientations to optimize their electromechanical coupling. In industrial applications, they serve as critical elements in vibration sensors, ultrasonic transducers, precision actuators, and frequency stabilization devices, providing high sensitivity, fast response times, and excellent stability under varying environmental conditions.

Working Principle

The piezoelectric effect is based on the asymmetric crystal structure of certain materials. When mechanical stress is applied, the crystal lattice deforms, causing a displacement of positive and negative charge centers, which generates an electric potential across the crystal. Conversely, applying an electric field induces mechanical strain in the crystal. This bidirectional energy conversion enables functions like sensing vibrations (mechanical to electrical) or generating precise movements (electrical to mechanical).

Materials

Common materials include quartz (SiO2) for frequency control, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics for high sensitivity actuators, and lithium niobate (LiNbO3) for ultrasonic applications. Specifications involve crystal cut orientation (e.g., AT-cut for quartz), doping elements for enhanced properties, and electrode coatings like silver or gold for electrical contact.

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Dimensions	3 mm x 3 mm to 20 mm x 20 mm
Capacitance	10 pF to 100 nF
Sensitivity	10 mV/g to 100 mV/g
Voltage Range	5V to 200V
Resonant Frequency	1 kHz to 100 MHz
Operating Temperature	-40°C to +85°C

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards

ISO 5347, IEC 60122, DIN 41785

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Motor (or Piezo Element)

A component that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion or vibration within a drive mechanism.

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Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation

Mechanical fracture under excessive stress
Electrical breakdown from overvoltage
Performance degradation due to aging or humidity

FMEA Triads

Trigger: Excessive mechanical load or shock
Failure: Crystal cracking or delamination
Mitigation: Implement stress relief designs, use protective housings, and adhere to specified force limits during installation.

Trigger: High voltage spikes or improper electrical connections
Failure: Electrode damage or insulation breakdown
Mitigation: Incorporate voltage clamping circuits, ensure proper grounding, and follow manufacturer's wiring guidelines.

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance

Frequency tolerance typically ±0.005% for quartz, dimensional tolerances within ±0.1 mm

Test Method

Electrical impedance analysis, resonance testing per IEC 60122, environmental stress screening (ESS)

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

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Inspection readiness

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Supplier transparency

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Manufacturers of Piezoelectric Crystal

Manufacturer profiles associated with Piezoelectric Crystal.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main function of a piezoelectric crystal in a motor?

In motors, piezoelectric crystals are used as actuators to generate precise, high-frequency vibrations or movements, enabling applications like ultrasonic motors, micro-positioning systems, and vibration damping.

How does temperature affect piezoelectric crystal performance?

Temperature changes can alter the resonant frequency and sensitivity of piezoelectric crystals. Materials like AT-cut quartz are designed to minimize frequency drift, while PZT may require temperature compensation circuits in critical applications.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification

This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

Piezoelectric Crystal