INDUSTRY COMPONENT

Piezoelectric Element

Piezoelectric element converts electrical energy to mechanical vibrations for ultrasonic applications.

Component Specifications

Definition
A piezoelectric element is a specialized component that utilizes the piezoelectric effect to generate ultrasonic vibrations when subjected to alternating electrical signals. In ultrasonic transducer arrays, these elements are precisely arranged to create controlled acoustic fields for applications like medical imaging, industrial testing, and material processing. The element typically consists of polarized ceramic materials that expand and contract in response to voltage changes, producing high-frequency mechanical oscillations.
Working Principle
The piezoelectric effect causes certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress (direct effect) or to deform when an electric field is applied (converse effect). In ultrasonic applications, the converse effect is utilized: alternating voltage causes the material to oscillate at ultrasonic frequencies, producing sound waves.
Materials
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, barium titanate, quartz crystals, or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers. PZT-5A or PZT-5H are common grades with high piezoelectric coefficients.
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Impedance50-500 Ohms
DimensionsCustom (typically 5-50 mm diameter, 0.5-5 mm thickness)
Capacitance100 pF - 10 nF
Frequency Range20 kHz - 10 MHz
Curie Temperature150-350°C
Coupling Coefficient0.6-0.7

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards
ISO 18563-1, DIN EN 12668-1

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation
  • Mechanical cracking from overvoltage
  • Depolarization at high temperatures
  • Impedance mismatch causing energy loss
  • Aging effects reducing sensitivity over time
FMEA Triads
Trigger: Electrical overstress or thermal shock
Failure: Cracked ceramic element leading to complete loss of function
Mitigation: Implement voltage limiters, thermal management, and mechanical damping in housing design
Trigger: Moisture ingress or chemical exposure
Failure: Degradation of electrodes and reduced piezoelectric performance
Mitigation: Apply protective coatings (epoxy, parylene) and use hermetic sealing for harsh environments
Trigger: Mechanical fatigue from continuous operation
Failure: Gradual reduction in output amplitude and sensitivity
Mitigation: Design with safety factors, use fatigue-resistant materials, and implement periodic calibration

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance
Frequency tolerance ±2%, dimensional tolerance ±0.1 mm, capacitance tolerance ±10%
Test Method
Impedance analysis, laser vibrometry for displacement measurement, acoustic output testing per IEC 61161

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation
Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.
Manufacturing capability
Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.
Inspection readiness
Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.
Supplier transparency
Check the legal entity, factory address, ownership, certifications, and direct contacts.

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Manufacturers of Piezoelectric Element

Manufacturer profiles associated with Piezoelectric Element.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main function of a piezoelectric element in ultrasonic transducers?

It converts electrical signals into high-frequency mechanical vibrations to generate ultrasonic waves for imaging, measurement, or processing applications.

How do temperature changes affect piezoelectric element performance?

Performance degrades near the Curie temperature, and thermal expansion can alter resonant frequencies. Temperature-stable formulations like PZT-8 are used in demanding environments.

Can piezoelectric elements be used for both transmission and reception of ultrasound?

Yes, they operate bidirectionally: generating ultrasound when energized (transmitter mode) and producing electrical signals when receiving ultrasound waves (receiver mode).

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification
This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

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Piezoelectric Crystal Plated Through Holes
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