Detector Element

A detector element is the fundamental sensing component within a detector array, responsible for detecting specific physical phenomena (such as radiation, light, pressure, or temperature) and converting them into electrical signals. In arrays, multiple elements work collectively to provide spatial resolution, sensitivity, and coverage for applications in imaging, monitoring, and measurement systems. This directory entry covers detector elements used in computer, electronic, and optical product manufacturing. The elements are available in various sizes (10–50 mm) and package types (SMD-2, also through-hole). They operate over a spectral response range of 400–1100 nm, with peak sensitivity at 900 nm for silicon photodiodes. Responsivity at peak wavelength is 0.4–0.6 A/W. Dark current is 0.1–10 nA at 10 V reverse bias and 25°C. Capacitance ranges from 10–100 pF at 0 V bias and 1 MHz. Rise time is 10–100 ns (10% to 90%, 50Ω load). Operating temperature is -40–85°C, with storage from -55–125°C. Operating voltage is 5–24 V DC, with reverse bias up to 30 V. Weight depends on package, typically 0.1–1.0 g. Materials include semiconductors (e.g., silicon, germanium), scintillator crystals (e.g., NaI, BGO), and photodiode/photomultiplier tubes. The working principle varies by sensing mechanism: photoelectric effect for optical detectors, ionization for radiation detectors, and piezoelectric effect for pressure sensors. When exposed to the target stimulus, the element generates an electrical signal (current, voltage, or resistance change) proportional to the stimulus intensity, which is then processed by associated electronics. For selection, verify the specific sensing mechanism, spectral response, and electrical parameters against your application requirements. Confirm model-specific values and standards with the legal manufacturer or supplier before procurement. This directory does not certify compliance or performance; all listed parameters are reference ranges that must be validated for the actual model.

The detector element operates based on its specific sensing mechanism. For optical detectors, the photoelectric effect generates electron-hole pairs when photons strike the semiconductor material, producing a photocurrent. For radiation detectors, ionization creates charge carriers that are collected to produce a signal. For pressure sensors, the piezoelectric effect generates a voltage proportional to applied stress. The resulting electrical signal (current, voltage, or resistance change) is proportional to the stimulus intensity and is then processed by associated electronics. The element's design, including material and geometry, determines its sensitivity, response time, and spectral range.