Editorial Technical Reference

Voltage Sensor (Potential Transformer)

This page explains how Voltage Sensor (Potential Transformer) is classified within Electrical Equipment Manufacturing. Technical values and manufacturer relationships are research references; confirm the current specification and supplier evidence for each order.

Technical Definition & Core Assembly

A device that measures high voltage levels in electrical grids by stepping them down to safe, measurable values for monitoring equipment.

Product Specifications

Technical details and manufacturing context for Voltage Sensor (Potential Transformer)

Definition
A voltage sensor, specifically a potential transformer, is a critical component within Grid Monitoring Devices that safely reduces high transmission or distribution voltages to standardized, low-voltage signals. This enables accurate measurement, protection, and control systems to monitor grid voltage levels without direct exposure to hazardous high voltages. The device operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a primary winding connected to high-voltage lines induces a proportional, reduced voltage in a secondary winding through a magnetic core, providing isolation and accurate voltage measurement for monitoring systems. Typical construction includes a silicon steel core, copper windings, and porcelain or polymer insulation. Key parameters, as per IEC 61869-3, include rated primary voltage (3–35 kV), rated secondary voltage (100/√3 or 100 V), accuracy class (0.2–3P), rated burden (10–30 VA), frequency (50/60 Hz), insulation level (12/28/75 kV), operating temperature (-40–85 °C), degree of protection (IP54–IP65), rated short-time thermal current (20–40 kA), rated dynamic current (50–100 kA), weight (15–60 kg), and insulation medium (oil or SF6). These values are reference ranges and must be confirmed for the specific model and application. The device is selected based on grid voltage class, and the secondary output is standardized for protection and metering. It is essential to verify that the rated burden matches the connected load, and that the insulation level and degree of protection suit the installation environment. The potential transformer provides a safe interface for monitoring equipment, ensuring that high-voltage systems can be observed and controlled without risk. Regular maintenance includes checking insulation integrity and verifying accuracy. Failure modes include insulation breakdown, winding short-circuits, and core saturation, which can lead to inaccurate readings or safety hazards. Always consult the legal manufacturer or supplier for model-specific values and compliance with applicable standards.
Working Principle
The potential transformer operates on electromagnetic induction. The primary winding is connected across the high-voltage line, and the alternating current creates a magnetic flux in the silicon steel core. This flux induces a proportional voltage in the secondary winding, which is reduced according to the turns ratio. The secondary voltage is standardized (e.g., 100/√3 V) for safe connection to monitoring, protection, and metering devices. The magnetic core provides isolation between the high-voltage primary and the low-voltage secondary, ensuring safety. The accuracy of the transformation depends on the core material, winding design, and burden connected to the secondary. The device must be selected with appropriate rated primary voltage, accuracy class, and burden to ensure correct operation.
Common Materials
Silicon steel core, Copper windings, Porcelain or polymer insulation
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Rated Primary Voltage3–35 kVSelect based on grid voltage classIEC 61869-3
Rated Secondary Voltage100/√3 or 100 VStandard output for protection and meteringIEC 61869-3
Accuracy Class0.2–3P0.2 for metering, 3P for protectionIEC 61869-3
Rated Burden10–30 VAMust match connected loadIEC 61869-3
Frequency50/60 HzRated power frequencyIEC 61869-3
Insulation Level12/28/75 kVRated short-duration power-frequency withstand voltageIEC 61869-3
Operating Temperature-40–85 °CExtended range for outdoor useIEC 61869-3
Degree of ProtectionIP54–IP65IP65 for outdoor, IP54 for indoorIEC 60529
Rated Short-Time Thermal Current20–40 kAWithstands short-circuit for 1sIEC 61869-3
Rated Dynamic Current50–100 kAPeak withstand currentIEC 61869-3
Weight15–60 kgDepends on voltage class and insulation
Insulation MediumOil or SF6Oil for cost, SF6 for compactness

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Components / BOM
  • Primary Winding Part
    Connects to high-voltage power lines to induce magnetic flux in the core
    Material: Copper conductor with high-voltage insulation
  • Magnetic Core Part
    Provides path for magnetic flux to transfer energy between windings
    Material: Laminated silicon steel
  • Secondary Winding Part
    Produces reduced voltage output for measurement circuits
    Material: Copper conductor
  • Insulation System
    Provides electrical isolation between windings and to ground
    Material: Porcelain, epoxy resin, or oil-impregnated paper
  • Terminal Box
    Protects and provides access to winding connections
    Material: Cast aluminum or steel

Industry Taxonomies & Aliases

Commonly used trade names and technical identifiers for Voltage Sensor (Potential Transformer).

Applied To / Applications

This component is essential for the following industrial systems and equipment:

Industrial Ecosystem & Supply Chain Structure

Complementary Systems
Downstream Applications
Specialized Tooling

Application Fit & Sizing Matrix

Operational Limits
pressure: Up to 1.5 bar (typical enclosure rating)
other spec: Voltage range: 0.1-36kV primary, 0.1-120V secondary; Accuracy class: 0.1-3.0; Frequency: 50/60Hz ±5%
temperature: -40°C to +85°C (operating), -55°C to +105°C (storage)
Media Compatibility
✓ Dry air or SF6 insulated switchgear ✓ Mineral oil-filled transformer applications ✓ Clean indoor electrical substations
Unsuitable: High humidity, salt spray, or chemically corrosive outdoor environments without proper IP68/NEMA 6P protection
Sizing Data Required
  • Primary system voltage (kV RMS)
  • Required accuracy class (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0)
  • Burden (VA rating of connected monitoring equipment)

Reliability & Engineering Risk Analysis

Failure Mode & Root Cause
Insulation breakdown
Cause: Thermal aging, moisture ingress, or contamination leading to dielectric failure and short circuits.
Winding open circuit
Cause: Mechanical stress from vibration, thermal cycling, or corrosion causing broken connections or windings.
Maintenance Indicators
  • Audible humming or buzzing indicating internal arcing or loose components
  • Visible oil leaks (in oil-filled units) or discoloration/charring on insulation surfaces
Engineering Tips
  • Implement regular insulation resistance testing and trending to detect degradation before failure
  • Ensure proper mounting with vibration isolation and maintain clean, dry operating conditions to prevent environmental damage

Indicative industry ranges for design and RFQ preparation. Confirm the exact figures and applicable standard with the manufacturer before specifying.

Compliance & Manufacturing Standards

Applicable Standards
IEC 61869-3: Instrument transformers - Part 3: Additional requirements for inductive voltage transformers ANSI C57.13: Standard Requirements for Instrument Transformers DIN EN 60044-2: Instrument transformers - Part 2: Inductive voltage transformers

Quoted from the published standard.

Manufacturing Precision
  • Accuracy class: ±0.2% of rated voltage at specified burden
  • Insulation resistance: ≥1000 MΩ at 500 V DC
Quality Inspection
  • Dielectric withstand test (high-potential test) per rated insulation level
  • Ratio and phase angle error verification at multiple voltage points

Manufacturers of Voltage Sensor (Potential Transformer)

12 companies list this product among what they make. Company figures are quoted from each company's own website; every card states where the relationship came from.

Huayi Electric Co., Ltd.
Wenzhou, Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “JDZ1-1/JD2-1 Voltage Transformer”
View source page ↗ heag.cn · checked 2026-08-22
Lugao Power Co.,Ltd
Xiangyang, Hubei, CN
Founded 2016nearly 60 employees staff3000 square meter
ISO9001 SGS CCC CE
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Potential Transformer”
View source page ↗ liugaopower.com · checked 2026-08-26
Xi'an Xigao Electricenergy Group Co., Ltd.
Xian, Shaanxi, CN
Founded 1993320000m2
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “PT Potential Transformer”
View source page ↗ loadbreak-switch.com · checked 2026-08-26
ZHEJIANG VOLCANO ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.
Zhejiang, CN
over 10000 m²
ISO 9001 3C CQC
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Voltage Transformer”
View source page ↗ volcano-electrical.com · checked 2026-08-22
ZHIYUE GROUP CO. LTD
Zhejiang, CN
Founded 19916800 square meters
ISO9001 CCC CE TSE
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “High Voltage Transformer”
View source page ↗ zhiyue.com · checked 2026-08-22
Beijing GFUVE Electronics Co., Ltd.
Beijing, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Voltage Transformer”
View source page ↗ gfuve.com · checked 2026-09-15
Changan Group
Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Current&Voltage Transformer”
View source page ↗ changanelectric.com · checked 2026-09-06
Changan Group Co.,Ltd
Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Current&Voltage Transformer”
View source page ↗ changangroup.com.cn · checked 2026-09-15
CNC Electric
Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Voltage Transformer”
View source page ↗ cncele.com · checked 2026-08-28
CNKEEYA
Yueqing, Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Voltage transformer”
View source page ↗ cnkeeya.com · checked 2026-09-10
Dongguan Hensiron Electric Co., Ltd.
Dongguan, Guangdong, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Low-voltage Transformer”
View source page ↗ dghensiron.com · checked 2026-09-11
Greegoo Electric
Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Voltage Transformer with Fuse Protection”
View source page ↗ greegoo.com · checked 2026-08-26
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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the primary function of a potential transformer?

It steps down high grid voltages to safe, standardized low-voltage signals for monitoring, protection, and metering equipment, providing isolation and accurate measurement.

How do I select the correct rated primary voltage?

Select based on the grid voltage class where the transformer will be installed. The rated primary voltage should match the system voltage, typically in the range of 3–35 kV as per IEC 61869-3.

What accuracy class should I choose?

Accuracy class depends on the application: 0.2 for metering, 3P for protection. Refer to IEC 61869-3 and verify with the manufacturer for specific requirements.

What maintenance is required?

Regular inspection of insulation integrity, checking for oil leaks (if oil-insulated), and verifying secondary wiring and burden. Periodic accuracy testing is recommended. Always follow manufacturer guidelines.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records.

Preliminary Technical Classification
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