INDUSTRY COMPONENT

Spline Shaft

A spline shaft is a precision mechanical component with longitudinal grooves that transmits torque while allowing axial movement in steering systems.

Component Specifications

Definition
A spline shaft is a cylindrical mechanical component featuring a series of longitudinal ridges (splines) that mesh with corresponding grooves in a mating part, such as a Pitman arm or rack assembly. In automotive steering systems, it transmits rotational torque from the steering gear to the steering linkage while permitting controlled axial movement to accommodate suspension travel and steering adjustments. The spline geometry ensures precise angular alignment and torque transmission without slippage.
Working Principle
The spline shaft operates on the principle of positive mechanical engagement, where the interlocking splines transfer rotational force (torque) between connected components. In recirculating-ball steering systems, it connects the Pitman arm to the steering gearbox output, converting rotary motion into linear motion for wheel turning. In rack-and-pinion systems, it may integrate with the rack to provide adjustable length or connection points. The spline design allows for slight axial sliding to compensate for dimensional changes during operation while maintaining torque transmission integrity.
Materials
Typically manufactured from medium-carbon alloy steels such as AISI 4140 or 4340, heat-treated to achieve surface hardness of 45-55 HRC for wear resistance and core toughness. Corrosion-resistant coatings like zinc plating or phosphate treatments are often applied.
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Length150-400 mm
Spline TypeInvolute or straight-sided
Major Diameter20-50 mm
Surface FinishRa 1.6-3.2 μm
Torque Capacity200-800 Nm
Number Of Splines10-36 teeth

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards
ISO 4156, DIN 5480, SAE J498

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation
  • Spline wear leading to steering play
  • Corrosion causing seizure
  • Improper torque transmission due to misalignment
FMEA Triads
Trigger: Inadequate lubrication
Failure: Accelerated spline wear and increased backlash
Mitigation: Regular maintenance with high-pressure grease and use of corrosion-resistant materials
Trigger: Misalignment during assembly
Failure: Uneven load distribution and premature fatigue failure
Mitigation: Precision alignment tools and torque-controlled installation procedures

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance
Spline dimensions typically held to IT7-IT8 accuracy, with profile tolerances per ISO 1101
Test Method
Coordinate measuring machine (CMM) verification, torque testing under load, salt spray testing for corrosion resistance

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation
Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.
Manufacturing capability
Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.
Inspection readiness
Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.
Supplier transparency
Check the legal entity, factory address, ownership, certifications, and direct contacts.

CNFX does not score or rank suppliers. Buyers must verify all claims and documents with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Manufacturers of Spline Shaft

8 companies list this product among what they make. Company figures are quoted from each company's own website; every card states where the relationship came from.

VIGOR INNO-TECH Limited
Shaanxi, CN
Founded 2007
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “SPLINE SHAFTS”
View source page ↗ castings-forging.com · checked 2026-08-26
Hangzhou HZPT Machinery
Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Spline shafts & gear shafts”
View source page ↗ china-reducers.com · checked 2026-08-26
Jinhua Machinery
Jiangsu, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Spline Shafts”
View source page ↗ jinhuamach.com · checked 2026-09-18
Joiner Machinery Co., Ltd.
Sichuan, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “involute spline shaft”
View source page ↗ twinscrewextruder-parts.com · checked 2026-09-10
Shaftsmfg
Shenzhen, Guangdong, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Spline Shafts”
View source page ↗ shaftmfg.com · checked 2026-09-18
Shanghai Michigan Machinery Co., Ltd.
Shanghai, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Spline Shaft”
View source page ↗ michiganmech.com · checked 2026-08-31
Zhejiang Guangjin Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd.
Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Spline shaft”
View source page ↗ ggn-gear.com · checked 2026-08-26
Zhejiang MR Driveline Co.,Ltd
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, CN
Listed on the company's own website · profile compiled by CNFX from public sources
Listed there as: “Spline Shaft Stub”
View source page ↗ ujdriveshaft.com · checked 2026-09-17

Manufacturer listings support early research and capability understanding. They are not certification, ranking, or transaction guarantees.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between involute and straight-sided splines?

Involute splines have curved tooth profiles that provide better load distribution and self-centering, while straight-sided splines are simpler to manufacture but may have higher stress concentrations.

How does a spline shaft accommodate axial movement?

The spline design allows the mating component to slide along the shaft's length while maintaining rotational engagement, which is essential for adjusting steering linkage or absorbing suspension movements.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification
This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

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