INDUSTRY COMPONENT

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

A semiconductor light source used in optocouplers for electrical isolation and signal transmission.

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Component Specifications

Definition
A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it. In optocouplers/isolators, the LED serves as the input-side light source that converts electrical signals into optical signals, which are then transmitted across an isolation barrier to a photodetector (like a phototransistor or photodiode) on the output side, providing galvanic isolation between circuits.
Working Principle
The LED operates on electroluminescence principle: when forward-biased, electrons recombine with holes in the semiconductor material (typically gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, or similar compounds), releasing energy in the form of photons. In optocouplers, this light emission is precisely controlled by input current to transmit digital or analog signals across an electrically isolated barrier.
Materials
Semiconductor materials: Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Gallium Phosphide (GaP), Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AlGaAs), or Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) for specific wavelength emission. Encapsulation: Epoxy resin or silicone for protection and optical coupling. Lead frame: Copper alloy with nickel or silver plating.
Technical Parameters
ParameterTypical rangeNotes & selection driver
Wavelength850-950nm (infrared) or 565-660nm (visible)
Viewing Angle15-30 degrees
Rise/Fall Time10-100ns
Forward Voltage1.2-2.2V
Isolation Voltage2500-5000Vrms
Radiant Intensity3-20mW/sr
Operating Temperature-40°C to +100°C

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards
ISO 9001, IEC 60747-5-2, JEDEC JESD22

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Optocoupler/Isolator

An electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits using light, providing electrical isolation and noise immunity.

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Optocoupler / Isolation Circuit

An electronic component that transfers electrical signals between two isolated circuits using light, providing electrical isolation and noise immunity.

View Product Details

Optical Sensor Module

A modular optical sensing component that detects and measures physiological signals through light-based interaction with biological tissues.

View Product Details

Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation
  • Thermal degradation reducing light output
  • Electrostatic discharge damage
  • Current overstress causing premature failure
  • Moisture ingress affecting optical coupling
FMEA Triads
Trigger: Excessive forward current or voltage spikes
Failure: LED catastrophic failure or reduced luminous intensity
Mitigation: Implement current limiting resistors, transient voltage suppression, and proper derating per datasheet specifications
Trigger: High ambient temperature or poor thermal management
Failure: Accelerated degradation and reduced operational lifespan
Mitigation: Design adequate heat dissipation, maintain junction temperature below maximum rating, use thermal interface materials
Trigger: Electrostatic discharge during handling or installation
Failure: Immediate or latent semiconductor damage
Mitigation: Follow ESD protection protocols, use grounded workstations, and implement proper packaging and handling procedures

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance
Forward voltage ±0.2V, wavelength ±10nm, radiant intensity ±15%
Test Method
IEC 60747-5-2 for optoelectronic devices, including luminous intensity measurement, isolation voltage testing, and environmental stress screening

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation
Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.
Manufacturing capability
Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.
Inspection readiness
Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.
Supplier transparency
Check the legal entity, factory address, ownership, certifications, and direct contacts.

CNFX does not score or rank suppliers. Buyers must verify all claims and documents with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Manufacturers of Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Manufacturer profiles associated with Light Emitting Diode (LED).

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Frequently Asked Questions

Why are infrared LEDs commonly used in optocouplers?

Infrared LEDs (850-950nm) are preferred because they offer higher efficiency, better coupling with silicon photodetectors, and minimal interference from ambient visible light in industrial environments.

How does LED degradation affect optocoupler performance?

LED light output degrades over time due to material aging, reducing current transfer ratio (CTR) and potentially causing signal transmission failures. Proper derating and thermal management extend operational life.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification
This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

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