Code Disk / Scale: Diameter 10mm to 300mm

Component Specifications

Definition

A code disk, also known as a scale or encoder disk, is a critical component in rotary encoders that features precisely patterned tracks (optical, magnetic, or capacitive) on its surface. As it rotates with a shaft, these patterns are read by sensors to generate electrical pulses corresponding to angular displacement, enabling accurate position, speed, and direction measurement in automated machinery.

Working Principle

The disk rotates with a shaft, and its patterned tracks (alternating transparent/opaque segments for optical, magnetic poles for magnetic types) pass between a light source/sensor pair or magnetic sensor. This creates a series of pulses as the disk turns. The pulse count determines position, while phase relationships between multiple tracks indicate direction. High-resolution disks may include incremental tracks for fine measurement and absolute tracks for unique position identification.

Materials

Optical disks: glass (borosilicate) or polymer (polycarbonate, acrylic) with chrome or photoresist coating for patterning. Magnetic disks: steel or alloy substrates with magnetized coatings. High-end applications may use ceramics or composites for thermal stability.

Technical Parameters

Parameter	Typical range	Notes & selection driver
Max RPM	5,000 to 12,000
Accuracy	±1 arc-minute to ±30 arc-seconds
Diameter	10mm to 300mm
Linearity	±0.01% to ±0.1%
Resolution	100 to 65,536 pulses per revolution (PPR)
Track Count	1 to 12+ tracks
Operating Temperature	-40°C to +120°C

Ranges are indicative industry figures for RFQ preparation, not a supplier commitment. Confirm every value and standard with the legal manufacturer before ordering.

Standards

ISO 16063, DIN 32712, IEC 60068

Parent Products

This component is used in the following industrial products

Encoders

A device that converts the angular position or linear displacement of a shaft or axis into an analog or digital signal.

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Engineering Analysis

Risks & Mitigation

Pattern degradation from wear or contamination
Mechanical deformation from thermal stress or impact
Signal interference in electromagnetic environments
Mounting misalignment causing measurement errors

FMEA Triads

Trigger: Contamination accumulation on optical surfaces
Failure: Signal dropout or erroneous pulse generation
Mitigation: Implement sealed encoder housings, regular cleaning protocols, use of protective coatings

Trigger: Thermal expansion mismatch between disk and shaft
Failure: Pattern distortion and measurement inaccuracy
Mitigation: Select materials with compatible thermal coefficients, incorporate thermal compensation in design

Trigger: Vibration-induced micro-movement at mounting interface
Failure: Eccentric rotation causing periodic error
Mitigation: Precision mounting with appropriate fasteners, use of anti-vibration materials, dynamic balancing

Industrial Ecosystem

Compatible With

Typical Suppliers & Equivalents

Compliance & Inspection

Tolerance

Radial runout: ≤0.01mm, Axial runout: ≤0.005mm, Pattern alignment: ±0.5°

Test Method

Laser interferometry for geometric accuracy, optical comparator for pattern verification, environmental chamber testing for thermal performance

Procurement Evaluation Criteria

A practical evidence checklist for RFQ preparation and supplier evaluation.

Technical documentation

Request current drawings, revision history, and a signed specification sheet.

Manufacturing capability

Verify equipment lists, process limits, capacity, and representative production evidence.

Inspection readiness

Confirm test methods, calibrated equipment, sampling plans, and traceable reports.

Supplier transparency

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Manufacturers of Code Disk / Scale

Manufacturer profiles associated with Code Disk / Scale.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between incremental and absolute code disks?

Incremental disks have uniform patterns that generate pulses for relative position measurement, requiring a reference point. Absolute disks have unique patterns for each position, providing immediate position data without homing.

How do environmental factors affect code disk performance?

Temperature changes can cause material expansion/contraction affecting accuracy. Contamination (dust, oil) can obscure optical patterns or interfere with magnetic fields. Vibration may cause reading errors or mechanical damage.

What maintenance do code disks require?

Regular cleaning of optical surfaces with appropriate solvents, inspection for physical damage or wear, verification of mounting integrity, and periodic calibration checks against reference standards.

Data Basis

Editorial classification, named public sources where available, and source-reviewed manufacturer records. See the editorial policy.

Preliminary Technical Classification

This page supports structured research, RFQ preparation, and supplier evaluation. It does not replace buyer-led supplier qualification, standards review, or technical approval.

Code Disk / Scale